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POLLOKSHAWS , a See also:police See also:burgh and burgh of See also:barony of See also:Renfrewshire, See also:Scotland, on the See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
White See also:Cart, now virtually a suburb of See also:Glasgow, with which it is connected by electric See also:tramway and the Glasgow & See also:South-Western and Caledonian See also:railways. Pop. (19or), 11,183. It is named from the shaws or See also:woods (and is locally styled " the Shaws ") and the lands of See also:Pollok, which have been held by the Maxwells since the 13th See also:century. The See also:family is now called See also:Stirling-See also:Maxwell, the See also:estate and baronetcy having devolved in 1865 upon See also:Sir See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William Stirling of Keir, who then assumed the surname of Maxwell. Pollok See also:House adjoins the See also:town on the See also:west. The See also:staple See also:industries are See also:cotton-See also:spinning and See also:weaving, See also:silk-weaving, See also:dyeing, See also:bleaching, See also:calico-See also:printing and the manufacture of See also:chenille and See also:tapestry, besides See also:paper See also:mills, See also:potteries and large See also:engineering See also:works. Pollokshaws was created a burgh of barony in 1813, and is governed by a See also:council and See also:provost. About 2 M. south-west is the thriving town of Thornliebank (pop. 2452), which owes its existence to the cotton-works established towards the end of the 18th century.
See also:POLL-TAX, a tax levied on the individual, and not on See also:property or on articles of merchandise, so-called from the old See also:English poll, a See also:head. Raised thus per capita, it is sometimes called a capitation tax. The most famous poll-tax in English See also:history is the one levied in 138o, which led to the revolt of the peasants under Wat See also:Tyler in 1381, but the first instance of the See also:kind was in 1377, when a tax of a See also:groat a head was voted by both See also:clergy and laity. In 1379 the tax was again levied, but on a graduated See also:scale. See also:John of Gaunt, See also:duke of See also:Lancaster, paid ten marks, and the scale descended from him to the peasants, who paid one groat each, every See also:person over sixteen years of See also:age being liable. In 1380 the tax was also graduated, but less steeply. For some years after the rising of 1381 See also:money was only raised in this way from aliens, but in 1513 a See also:general poll tax was imposed. This, however, only produced about £5o,0oo, instead of £16o,000 as was expected, but a poll-tax levied in 1641 resulted in a See also:revenue of about £400,600. During the reign of
See also:Charles II. money was obtained in this way on several occasions, although in 1676-1677 especially there was a See also:good See also:deal of resentment against the tax. For some years after 1688 poll-taxes were a favourite means of raising money for the See also:prosecution of the See also:war with See also:France. Sometimes a single See also:payment was asked for the See also:year; at other times quarterly payments were required. The poll-tax of 1697 included a weekly tax of one See also:penny from all persons not receiving See also:alms. In 1698 a quarterly poll-tax produced £321,397. Nothing was required from the poor, and those who were liable may be divided roughly into three classes. Persons See also:worth less than £300 paid one See also:shilling; those worth £300, including the gentry and the professional classes, paid twenty shillings; while tradesmen and shopkeepers paid ten shillings. Non-jurors were charged See also:double these rates. Like previous poll-taxes, the tax of 1698 did not produce as much as was anticipated, and it was the last of its kind in See also:England.
Many of the states of the See also:United States of See also:America raise money by levying poll-taxes, or, as they are usually called, capitation taxes, the payment of this tax being a necessary preliminary to the exercise of the See also:suffrage.
See S. Dowell, History of See also:Taxation and Taxes in England (1888), vol. iii.; and W. See also:Stubbs, Constitutional History (1896), vol. ii.
End of Article: POLLOKSHAWS
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