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SISYPHUS , in See also:Greek See also:mythology, son of See also:Aeolus and Enarete, and See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of Ephyra (See also:Corinth). He was the See also:father of the See also:sea-See also:god See also:Glaucus and (in See also:post-Homeric See also:legend) of See also:Odysseus. He was said to have founded the Isthmian See also:games in See also:honour of See also:Melicertes, whose See also:body he found lying on the See also:shore of the Istnmus of Corinth (See also:Apollodorus iii. 4). He promoted See also:navigation and See also:commerce, but was avaricious and deceitful. From See also:Homer onwards Sisyphus was famed as the craftiest of men. When See also:Death came to fetch him, Sisyphus put him into fetters, so that no one died till See also:Ares came and, freed Death, and delivered Sisyphus into his custody. But Sisyphus was not yet at the end of his resources. For before he died he told his wife that when he was gone she was not to offer the usual See also:sacrifice to the dead. So in the under See also:world he complained that his wife was neglecting her See also:duty, and he persuaded Hades to allow him to go back to the upper world and expostulate with her. But when he got back to Corinth he positively refused to return, until forcibly carried off by See also:Hermes (Schol. on See also:Pindar, 01. i. 97). In the under world Sisyphus was compelled to See also:roll a big See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone up a steep See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill; but before it reached the See also:top of the hill the stone always rolled down, and Sisyphus had to begin all over again (Odyssey, xi. 593)• The See also:reason for this See also:punishment is not mentioned in Homer, and is obscure; according to some, he had revealed the designs of the gods to mortals, according to others, he was in the See also:habit of attacking and murdering travellers. The subject was a See also:common-See also:place of See also:ancient writers, and was depicted by the painter See also:Polygnotus on the walls of the Lesche at See also:Delphi (See also:Pausanias x. 31). According to the See also:solar theory, Sisyphus is the disk of the See also:sun that rises every See also:day and then sinks below the See also:horizon. Others see in him a personification of the waves rising to a height and then suddenly falling, or of the treacherous sea. It is suggested by See also:Welcker that the legend is symbolical of the vain struggle of See also:man in the pursuit of knowledge. The name Sisyphus is generally explained as a reduplicated See also:form of oo4hs (=" the very See also:wise "); Gruppe, however, thinks it may be connected with See also:ale-vs (" a
' See also:Virgil, Aen. viii. 696; See also:Lucan x. 63; See also:Ovid, Am. ii. 13. I1; Mart xiv. 54.
See also:xxv. 6goat's skin "), the reference being to a See also:rain-See also:charm in which goats' skins were used. S. See also:Reinach ( Revue archeologique,1904) finds the origin of the See also:story in a picture, in which Sisyphus was represented See also:rolling a huge stone up Acrocorinthus, symbolical of the labour and skill involved in the See also:building of the Sisypheum. When a distinction was made between the souls in the under world, Sisyphus was supposed to be rolling up the stone perpetually as a punishment for some offence committed on See also:earth; and various reasons were invented to See also:account for it.
The way in which Sisyphus cheated Death is not unique in folk-tales. Thus in a Venetian story the ingenious Beppo ties up Death in a bag and keeps him there for eighteen months; there is See also:general rejoicing; nobody See also:dies, and the doctors are in high See also:feather. In a Sicilian story an innkeeper corks up Death in a See also:bottle; so nobody dies for years, and the See also:long See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white beards are a sight to see. In another Sicilian story a See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk keeps Death in his pouch for See also:forty years (T. F. See also:Crane, See also:Italian Popular Tales, 1885). The See also:German parallel is Gambling Hansel, who kept Death up a See also:- TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
- TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )
tree for seven years, during which no one died (See also:Grimm, See also:Household Tales). The Norse parallel is the See also:tale of the See also:Master See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith (E. W. See also:Dasent, Popular Tales from the Norse). For a Lithuanian parallel, see A. See also:Schleicher, Litauisehe Marchen, Sprichworte, Ratsel and Lieder (1857) ; for See also:Slavonic See also:parallels, F. S. Krauss, Sagen and Marchen der Siidslaven, ii. Nos. 125, 126; see also Frazer's Pausanias, iii. p. 33; O. Gruppe, Griechische Mythologie (1906), ii., p. 1021, See also:note 2.
End of Article: SISYPHUS
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