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STEPHEN I

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 883 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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STEPHEN I . [ST STEPHEN] (977-1038), See also:king of See also:Hungary, was the son of Geza, See also:duke of Hungary, and of Sarolta, one of the few Magyar See also:Christian ladies, who obtained the best teachers for her See also:infant son. These preceptors included the See also:German See also:priest See also:Bruno, the See also:Czech priest Radla, and an See also:Italian See also:knight, Theodate of See also:San Severino, who taught him arms and letters (a holograph See also:epistle by Stephen existed in the Vatican Library as See also:late as 1513). In 996 Stephen married Gisela, the daughter of Duke See also:Henry II. of See also:Bavaria, and in the following See also:year his See also:father died and the See also:young See also:prince was suddenly confronted by a formidable See also:pagan reaction under Kupa in the districts between the See also:Drave and See also:Lake See also:Balaton. Stephen hastened against the rebels, bearing before him the banner of St See also:Martin of See also:Tours, whom he now See also:chose to be his See also:patron See also:saint, and routed the rebels at Veszprem (998), a victory from which the See also:foundation of the Hungarian See also:monarchy must be dated, for Stephen assumed the royal See also:title immediately afterwards. In 1oo1 his See also:envoy Asztrik obtained See also:Pope See also:Silvester II.'s See also:confirmation of this See also:act of See also:sovereignty. Silvester at the same See also:time sent Stephen a consecrated See also:crown, and approved of the erection of an See also:independent Hungarian See also:church, divided into the two provinces of See also:Esztergom and Baca. But the See also:power of pagan Hungary could not be broken in a See also:day. The See also:focus of the See also:movement was the Maros region, where the See also:rebel Ajtony built the fortress of Marosvar. The struggle proceeded for more than twenty-five years, the difficulties of Stephen being materially increased by the assistance rendered to the rebels by the See also:Greek emperors, his neighbours since their reconquest of See also:Bulgaria. As See also:early as 1015 Stephen had appointed the Italian priest See also:Gellert See also:bishop of Maros, but he was unable to establish the missionary in his see till 1030. The See also:necessity of christianizing his See also:heathen See also:kingdom by force of arms engrossed all the energies of Stephen and compelled him to adopt a pacific policy towards the emperors of the See also:East and See also:West.

When the See also:

emperor See also:Conrad, with the deliberate intention of subjugating Hungary, invaded it in 1030, Stephen not only drove him out, but captured See also:Vienna (now mentioned for the first timer and compelled the emperor to cede a large portion of the Ostmark (1031). Of the five sons See also:borne to him by Gisela, only Emerich reached manhood, and this well-educated prince was killed by a See also:wild See also:boar in 1031. • Stephen thereupon appointed as his successor his wife's See also:nephew See also:Peter See also:Orseolo, who settled in Hungary, where his intrigues and See also:foreign ways made him extremely unpopular. Stephen died at his See also:palace at Esztergom in 1038 and was canonized in 1083. For an See also:account of his See also:epoch-making reforms see HUNGARY: See also:History. See Gyula Pauler, History of the Hungarian Nation, vol. i. (Hung.; Pest, 1893); Lajos Balics, History of the See also:Roman See also:Catholic Church in Hungary, vol. i. (Hung.; Pest, 1885) ; Antal P6r, See also:Life of St Stephen (Hung.; Pest, 1871); Janos Kanccsonyi, Documents issued by Stephen I. (Hung. ;Pest, 1892), idem, Life of St Gelleri(Hung. ; Pest, 1887); E. See also:Horn, St See also:Etienne, roi apostolique de Hongrie (See also:Paris, 1899); W.

J. Winkler de Ketrszynski, Vita sancti See also:

Stephan (See also:Cracow, 1897). (R. N.

End of Article: STEPHEN I

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