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BIRRELL, AUGUSTINE (1850- )

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 990 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BIRRELL, See also:AUGUSTINE (1850- ) , See also:English author and politician, son of a See also:Nonconformist See also:minister, was See also:born near See also:Liverpool on the 19th of See also:January 185o. He was educated at See also:Amersham See also:Hall school and at Trinity Hall, See also:Cambridge. He went to the See also:bar, and gradually obtained a See also:good practice; in 1893 he became a K.C., and he was See also:professor of See also:law at University See also:College from 1896 to 1899. But it was as a See also:literary critic of unusually See also:clever See also:style and an See also:original vein of wit, that he first became known to the public, with his See also:volume of essays entitled Ohiter Dicta (1884). In 1889 he was returned to See also:parliament for See also:West Fifeshire as a Liberal. In the See also:House of See also:Commons his See also:light 990 but pointed See also:humour gradually led to the coining of a new word, "birrellirg," and his literary and oratorical reputation See also:grew apace. Whether he was See also:writing See also:miscellaneous essays or law-books, his characteristic style prevailed, and his books on See also:copyright and on See also:trusts were novelties indeed among legal textbooks, no less sparkling than his literary Obiter Dicta. A second See also:series of the latter appeared in 1887. Res Judicatae in 1892 and various other volumes followed, for he was in See also:request among publishers and editors, and his easy See also:charm of style and acute grasp of interesting detail gave him a front See also:place among contemporary men of letters. Mr Birrell was first married in 1878, but his wife died next See also:year, and in 1888 he married Mrs Lionel See also:Tennyson, daughter of the poet See also:Frederick Locker, (Locker-Lampson). At the See also:general See also:election of 1900 he preferred to contest the N.E. See also:division of See also:Manchester rather than retain his seat in Fifeshire, but was defeated. He did valuable service, however, to his party by presiding over the Liberal Publication See also:Department, and at the general election of 1906 he was returned for a division of See also:Bristol.

He had been included in See also:

Sir See also:Henry See also:Campbell-Bannerman's See also:cabinet, and as minister for See also:education he was responsible for the education See also:bill which was the See also:chief See also:government measure in their first session. But the prolonged controversy over the bill, and its withdrawal in the autumn owing to the refusal of the government to accept modifications made by the House of Lords in the denominational See also:interest, made his retention of that See also:office impossible, and he was transferred (January 1907) to the See also:post of chief secretary for See also:Ireland, which he subsequently retained when Mr See also:Asquith became See also:prime minister in 1908. In the session of 1907 he introduced an Irish See also:Councils bill, a sort of See also:half-way house to See also:Home See also:Rule; but it was unexpectedly repudiated by a Nationalist See also:convention in See also:Dublin and the bill was promptly withdrawn. His See also:prestige as a minister, already injured by these two blows, suffered further during the autumn and See also:winter from the See also:cattle-See also:driving agitation in Ireland, which he at first feebly criticized and finally strongly denounced, but which his refusal to utilize the Crimes See also:Act made him powerless to stop by the processes of the " See also:ordinary law "; and the See also:scandal arising out of the See also:theft of the Dublin See also:crown jewels in the autumn of 1907 was a further blot on the Irish See also:administration. On the other See also:hand his See also:scheme for a reconstituted Irish See also:Roman See also:Catholic university was very favourably received, and its See also:acceptance in 1908 did much to restore his reputation for statesmanship.

End of Article: BIRRELL, AUGUSTINE (1850- )

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