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BUGEAUD DE LA PICONNERIE, See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
THOMAS See also:ROBERT, See also:DUKE OF See also:IsLY (1784–1849), See also:marshal of See also:France, was See also:born at See also:Limoges on the ISth of See also:October 1784. He came of a See also:noble See also:family of See also:Perigord, and was the youngest of his parents' thirteen See also:children. Harsh treatment led to his See also:flight from See also:home, and for some years about 1800 he lived in the See also:country, engaged in See also:agriculture, to which he was ever afterwards devoted. At the See also:age of twenty he became a private soldier in the Mites of the Imperial Guard (1804), with which he took See also:part in the See also:Austerlitz See also:campaign of the following See also:year. See also:Early in 1806 he was given a See also:commission, and as a sub-See also:lieutenant he served in the See also:Jena and See also:Eylau campaigais, winning his promotion to the See also:rank of lieutenant at See also:Pultusk (See also:December 1806). In 1808 he was in the first See also:French See also:corps which entered See also:Spain, and was stationed in See also:Madrid during the revolt of the Dos See also:Mayo. At the second See also:siege of See also:Saragossa he won further promotion to the rank of See also:captain, and in 1809–18x0 found opportunities for winning distinction under See also:General (Marshal) See also:Suchet in the eastern See also:theatre of the See also:Peninsular See also:War, in which he See also:rose to the rank of See also:major and the command of a full See also:regiment. At the first restoration he was made a See also:colonel, but he rejoined See also:Napoleon during the See also:Hundred Days, and under his old See also:chief Suchet distinguished himself greatly in the war in the See also:Alps. For fifteen years after the fall of Napoleon he was not re-employed, and during this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time he displayed See also:great activity in agriculture and in the 'general development of his See also:district of Perigord. The See also:July revolution of 183o reopened his military career, and after a See also:short See also:tenure of a regimental command he was in 1831 made a nnarechal de See also:camp. _ In the chamber
of deputies, to which he was elected in the same year, he showed himself to be an inflexible opponent of See also:democracy, and in his military capacity he was noted for his severity in See also:police See also:work and the suppression of emeutes. His conduct as gaoler of the duchesse de See also:Berry led to a See also:duel between Bugeaud and the See also:deputy See also:Dulong, in which the latter was killed (1834); this affair and the incidents of another emeute exposed Bugeaud to ceaseless attacks in the Chamber and in the See also:press, but his See also:opinion was sought by all parties in matters connected with agriculture and See also:industrial development. He was re-elected in 1834, 1837 and 1839.
About this time Bugeaud became much interested in the question of See also:Algeria. At first he appears to have disapproved of the See also:conquest, but his undeviating adherence to See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis Philippe brought him into agreement with the See also:government, and with his customary decision he proposed to employ at once whatever forces were necessary for the See also:swift, See also:complete and lasting subjugation of Algeria. Later events proved the soundness of his views; in the meantime Bugeaud was sent to See also:Africa in a sub-See also:ordinate capacity, and proceeded without delay to initiate his war of flying columns. He won his first victory on the 7th of July 1836, made a brilliant campaign of six See also:weeks' duration, and returned home with the rank of lieutenant-general. In the following year he signed the treaty of Tafna (See also:June 1st, 1837), with Abd-el-Kader, an See also:act which, though justified by the military and See also:political situation, led to a renewal of the attacks upon him in the chamber, to the refutation of which Bugeaud devoted himself in 1839. Finally, in 184o, he was nominated See also:governor-general of Algeria, and early in 1841 he put into force his See also:system of flying columns. His swiftness and See also:energy drove back the forces of Abd-el-Kader from See also:place to place, while the devotion of the rank and See also:file to " Pere Bugeaud " enabled him to carry all before him in See also:action. In 1842 he secured the French positions by .undertaking the construction of roads. In 1843 Bugeaud was made marshal of France, and in this and the following year he continued his operations with unvarying success. His great victory of Isly on the 14th of See also:August 1844 won for him the See also:title of duke. In 1845, however, he had to take the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field again in consequence of the disaster of Sidi Brahiln (22nd of See also:September 1845), and up to his final retirement from Algeria (July 1846) he was almost constantly employed in the field. His resignation was due to See also:differences with the home government on the question of the future government of the See also:province. Amidst his other activities he had found time to study the agricultural characteristics of the conquered country, and under his regime the number of French colonists had grown from 17,000 to 100,000. In 1848 the marshal was in See also:Paris during the revolution, but his orders prevented him from acting effectually to suppress it. He was asked,' but eventually refused, to be a See also:candidate for the See also:presidency in opposition to Louis Napoleon. His last public service was the command of the See also:army of the Alps, formed in 1848—1849 to observe events in See also:Italy. He died in Paris on the loth of June 1849.
Bugeaud's writings were numerous, including his tuvres militaires, collected by Weil (Paris, 1883), many See also:official reports on Algeria and the war there, and some See also:works on See also:economics and political See also:science. See See also:Comte d'Ideville, Le Marechal Bugeaud (Paris, 1881–1882).
End of Article: BUGEAUD DE LA PICONNERIE, THOMAS ROBERT, DUKE OF
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