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CARTESIANISM

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Originally appearing in Volume V08, Page 90 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CARTESIANISM . Bi8L10GRAPHY -I. See also:

Editions and See also:Translations.--The collected See also:works of See also:Descartes were published in Latin in 8 vols. at See also:Amsterdam (1670-1683), in 7 vols. at See also:Frankfort (16971 and in 9 vols. byElzevir See also:Germany. (1713) ; in See also:French in 13 vols. (See also:Paris, 1724-1729), republished by See also:Victor See also:Cousin (Paris, 1824-1826) in I1 vols., and again under the authority of the See also:minister of public instruction by C. See also:Adam and P. Tannery (1897 See also:foil.). Theseinclude his so-called See also:posthumous works. The Rules for the Direction of the Mind, The See also:Search for Truth by the See also:Light of Nature, and other unimportant fragments, published (in Latin) in 1701. In 1859-186o Foucher de Careil published in two parts some unedited writings of Descartes from copies taken by See also:Leibnitz from the See also:original .papers. Six editions of the See also:Opera philosophica appeared at Amsterdam between 165o and 1678; a two-See also:volume edition at See also:Leipzig in 1843; there are also French editions, CEuvres philosophiques, by A. See also:Garnier, 3 vols.

(1834-1835), and L. Aime-See also:

Martin (1838) and CEuvres morales et philosophiques by Aime-Martin with an introduction on See also:life and works by Amedee See also:Prevost (Paris, 1855); CEuvres choisies (185o) by Jules See also:Simon. A See also:complete French edition of the collected works was begun in the See also:Romance Library (1907 foil.). See also:German translations by J. H. von Kirchmann under the See also:title Philosophische Werke (with See also:biography, &c., See also:Berlin, 1868; and ed , 1882-1891), by Kuno See also:Fischer, See also:Die Hauptschriften zur Grundlegung seiner Philosophic (1863), with introduction by See also:Ludwig Fischer (1892). There are also numerous editions and translations of See also:separate works, especially the Method, in French, German, See also:Italian, See also:Spanish and Hungarian. There are See also:English translations by J. See also:Veitch, Method, Meditations and Selections from the Principles (1850-1853; 11th ed., 1897; New See also:York, 1899); by H. A. P. See also:Torrey (New York, 1892). II.

See also:

Biographical.—A. See also:Baillet, La See also:Vie de M. See also:Des Cartes (Paris, 1691; Eng. trans., 1692), exhaustive but uncritical; notices in the editions of Garnier and Aime-Martin; A. See also:Hoffmann, Rene Descartes (1905); See also:Elizabeth S. See also:Haldane, Descartes, his Life and Times (1905), containing full bibliography; A. See also:Barbier, Rene Descartes, sa famille, son lieu de naissance, &c. (1901); See also:Richard See also:Lowndes, Rene Descartes, his Life and Meditations (See also:London, 1878) ; J. P. See also:Mahaffy, Descartes (1902), with an appendix on Descartes's mathematical See also:work by See also:Frederick See also:Purser; Victor de Swarte, Descartes directeur spirituel (Paris, 1904), See also:correspondence with the Princess See also:Palatine; C. J. Jeannel, Descartes et la princesse palatine (Paris, 1869) ; Lettres de M. Descartes, ed.

See also:

Claude Clerselier (1657). A useful See also:sketch of See also:recent See also:biographies is to be found in The See also:Edinburgh See also:Review (See also:July 1906). IV. See also:Science and See also:Mathematics.—F. Cajori, See also:History of Mathematics (London, 1894) ; M. Cantor, Vorlesungen fiber die Geschichte der Mathematik (Leipzig, 1894-1901); See also:Sir See also:Michael See also:Foster, Hist. of Physiol. during the Sixteenth, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (1901); Duboux, La Physique de Descartes (See also:Lausanne, 1881); G, H. Zeuthen, Geschichte der Mathematik See also:im 16. and 17. Jahrhundert (1903) ; See also:Chasles,Aperqu historique sur 1'origine et le diveloppement des methodes en geometrie (3rd ed., 1889). (W.

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