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See also:DEER See also:PARK , an enclosure of rough wooded pastureland for the See also:accommodation of red- or See also:fallow-deer. The distinction between a deer "park " and a deer " See also:forest " is that the former is always enclosed either by a See also:wall or fence, and is relatively small, whereas the forest covers a much larger See also:area, and is not only open but sometimes contains practically no trees at all. Originally, the See also:possession of a deer park in See also:England was a royal See also:prerogative, and no subject' could enclose one without a See also:direct See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant from the crown—a See also:licence to impark, like a licence to embattle a See also:house, was always necessary. When Domesday See also:Book was compiled, there were already See also:thirty-one deer parks in England, some of which may have existed in Saxon times; about one-See also:fourth of them belonged to the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king. After the See also:Conquest they increased rapidly in number, but from about the See also:middle of the 11th See also:century this tendency was reversed. In the middle of the 16th century it was conjectured that one-twentieth of England and See also:Wales was given up to deer and rabbits. Upon Saxton's maps, which were made between 1575 and 158o, over 700 parks are marked, and it is not improbable that the number was understated. Mr See also:Evelyn See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Shirley enumerated only 334 in his book on See also:English Deer Parks published in 1867. To these Mr See also:Joseph See also:Whitaker, in A Descriptive See also:List of the Deer Parks of England (1892), has added another fifty, and the See also:total is believed to be now about 400. It is a curious circumstance that despite the rather See also:minute detail of Domesday none of the parks there enumerated can now be identified. There is, however, a plausible See also:case for Eridge Park in See also:Sussex as the Reredfelle of Domesday. The See also:state and consequence of the See also:great barons of the middle ages depended in some measure upon the number of deer parks which they possessed. Most bishops and abbots had one or two, and at one See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time more than twenty were attached to the archbishopric of See also:Canterbury. When the See also:power of the barons was finally broken and a more settled See also:period began with the See also:accession of the house
of Tudor, the deer park began to fall into decay. By See also:Queen See also:Elizabeth's time a considerable proportion of the ancestral acres of the great houses had passed into the possession of See also:rich merchants and wealthy See also:wool-staplers, and it had become more profitable to breed bullocks than to find pasture for deer, and even where the new men retained, and even in some cases created, deer parks, they reduced their area in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order that more See also:land might be available for grazing or for See also:corn. Thus began that decadence of the deer park which has continued down to the See also:present time. More than anything, however, the strife between See also:Charles I. and See also:parliament contributed to reduce both the number and See also:size of English parks containing deer. By the Restoration the See also:majority of the parks in England had for the time being been destroyed, the palings pulled down, the trees felled, and the deer stolen. Of the See also:duke of See also:Newcastle's eight parks seven were ruined, that at Welbeck alone remaining intact. Not a See also:- TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
- TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )
tree was See also:left in Clipston Park, although the See also:timber had been valued at £20,000. One of the results of the Restoration was to empty the parks of the See also:Roundhead squires to replenish those of the Royalists, but this measure helped little, and great See also:numbers of deer had to be brought from See also:Germany to replenish the depleted See also:stocks. A See also:gentleman of the Isle of See also:Ely was indeed given a baronetcy in return for a large present of deer which he made to Charles II. The largest existing deer park in England is that at Savernake (4000 acres), next comes See also:Windsor, which contains about 2600 acres in addition to the 1450 acres of Windsor Forest. See also:Lord See also:Egerton of Tatton's park at Tatton in See also:Cheshire, and Lord See also:Abergavenny's at Eridge, each contain about 2500 acres. Other parks which are much about the same size are those of See also:Blenheim, See also:Richmond, Eastwell, Duncombe, Grimsthorpe, Thoresby and Knowsley. All these parks are famous either for their size, their beauty, or the number and See also:long descent of the deer which inhabit them. The size of English parks devoted to deer varies from that of these historic examples down to a very few acres. A small proportion of the older enclosures contains red- as well as fallow-deer. In some of the larger ones many hundreds of See also:head browse, whereas those of the smallest size may have only a dozen or two. Although many enclosures were disparked in very See also:recent times, the 19th century saw the making of a considerable number of new ones, usually of small dimensions. The tendency, however, is still towards diminution both in number and extent, See also:cattle taking the See also:place of deer.
End of Article: DEER PARK
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