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tertiary formations with alluvial deposits, and comprising the valleys of the Loire and the Allier. The lowest level of the department IS 446 ft., at the exit of the Loire. Nievre belongs partly to the See also:

basin of the Loire, partly to that of the See also:

Seine.

The See also:

WATERSHED

watershed dividing these two basins follows the See also:

general slope of the department from S.E. to N.W.—from Mont Prenelay to the Puisaye, the district in the extreme north-west. Towards the west the limits of Nievre are marked by the Allier-Loire valley—the Loire striking across the south-west corner of the department by See also:

DECIZE

Decize and See also:

NEVERS

Nevers and then continuing the See also:

LINE

line of its See also:

GREAT

great affluent the Allier northwards by See also:

FOURCHAMBAULT

Fourchambault, La Charite, Pouilly and See also:

COSNE

Cosne. Secondary feeders of the Loire are the Nievre, which gives its name to the department, and the Aron, whose valley is traversed by the Nivernais See also:

Canal. The largest tributary of the Seine in Nievre is the Yonne, which rises in the south-east, passes by See also:

CLAMECY

Clamecy, and carries along with it the See also:

NORTHERN

northern part of the Nivernais Canal. The Cure, the See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal affluent of the Yonne (with which, however, it does not unite till after it has See also:

LEFT

left the department), is the outlet of a See also:

lake, See also:

Lac See also:

des Settons, which serves as a See also:

RESERVOIR

reservoir for the regulation of the See also:

RIVER

river and the canal. Owing to its greater elevation and the retention of the See also:

RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain-See also:

WATER

water on its impermeable See also:

SURFACE

surface in the shape of ponds and streams, Morvan shows a mean temperature 6° F. See also:

LOWER

lower than that of the western district, which, in the valley of the Loire, is almost identical with that of See also:

Paris (52° F.). At Nevers the See also:

ANNUAL

annual rainfall amounts to only 21 in., but in Morvan it is nearly three times as great. The principal cereals are oats and See also:

wheat; potatoes are XIX. 22 also largely grown. Much See also:

LAND

land is given over to pasture and the cultivation of various kinds of See also:

FORAGE

forage, and the fattening of See also:

CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle is a thriving agricultural See also:

INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry. The Nivernais and Charolais are the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief breeds. The rearing of See also:

sheep and See also:

DRAUGHT (from the common Teutonic word " to draw "; cf. Ger. 7'racht, load; the pronunciation led to the variant form " draft," now confined to certain specific meanings)

draught-horses is also of importance.

Vines are grown in the valley of the Loire and in the neighbourhood of Clamecy. The See also:

white wines of Pouilly on the Loire are widely known. Nievre abounds in forests, the chief trees being the See also:

OAK (O. Eng., (lc)

oak, See also:

BEECH

beech, See also:

HORNBEAM (Carpinus betulus)

hornbeam, See also:

elm and See also:

CHESTNUT (nux Castanea)

chestnut. See also:

COAL

Coal is See also:

MINED

mined at Decize, and See also:

GYPSUM

gypsum, See also:

BUILDING

building See also:

stone, and See also:

KAOLIN

kaolin are among the See also:

QUARRY

quarry products. The best-known See also:

MINERAL

mineral springs are those of Pougues and St Honoree Of the See also:

IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron-See also:

WORKS

works for which Nievre is famous, the most important are those of Fourchambault. At Imphy there are large See also:

STEEL, FLORA ANNIE (1847– )

steel-works. The See also:

government works of La Chaussade at Guerigny make See also:

CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain-cables, anchors, See also:

ARMOUR, PHILIP DANFORTH (1832-1901)

armour-plates, &c. There are also manufactories of agricultural implements and hardware, See also:

POTTERIES, THE

potteries, manufactories of See also:

PORCELAIN

porcelain, and See also:

FAIENCE

faience (at Nevers), See also:

TILE (0. Eng. tigel, Fr. tuile, connected with Lat. tegula)

tile-works, chemical works, See also:

paper-See also:

mills and saw-mills, as well as numerous tanneries, See also:

BOOT

boot and See also:

SHOE (a word appearing in the Teutonic languages in various forms, as Ger. Schuh, Swed. and Dan. sko, sometimes supposed to come from an unknown root ska or sku, cover)

shoe factories, cask manufactories and oil works (colza, See also:

POPPY

poppy and See also:

HEMP (in O. Eng. henep, cf. Dutch hennep, Ger. Hanf , cognate with Gr. Kavval3er, Lat. cannabis)

hemp). In the Morvan district a large part of the See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population is engaged in the See also:

TIMBER

timber industry; the logs carried down by the streams to Clamecy are then put into boats and conveyed to Paris. A great See also:

DEAL

deal of the See also:

TRAFFIC

traffic is by water: the canal along the left See also:

BANK

bank of the Loire runs through the department for 38 m., and the Nivernais canal for 78 M. The chief railway is that of the Paris-See also:

Lyons-Mediterranee See also:

COMPANY

Company, whose See also:

main line to See also:

Nimes follows the valley of the Loire and Allier throughout the department. Nievre is divided into 4 arrondissements (Nevers, See also:

CHATEAU (from Lat. castellum, fortress, through O. Fr. chastel, chasteau)

Chateau-See also:

CHINON

Chinon, Clamecy and Cosne being their capitals), 25 cantons, 313 communes.

It forms the See also:

DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese of Nevers, and part of the educational district of See also:

DIJON

Dijon and of the region of the VIII. See also:

CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps d'armee. Its See also:

court of See also:

APPEAL

appeal is at See also:

BOURGES

Bourges. The most noteworthy towns are Nevers, the See also:

capital, Clamecy, Fourchambault, Cosne, La Charite and Decize. Varzy and Tannay have See also:

FINE

fine churches of the 14th, and the 12th, 13th and 16th centuries respectively, and there is an interesting See also:

church, chiefly Romanesque in See also:

style, at St See also:

PIERRE

Pierre-le-Mofitier.

End of Article: NIEVRE

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