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STRALSUND

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 982 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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STRALSUND , a seaport of See also:

Germany, in the Prussian See also:province of See also:Pomerania, on the See also:west See also:side of the Strelasund, an See also:arm of the Baltic, 12 m. wide, which separates the See also:island of See also:Rugen from the mainland, 135 M. by See also:rail N. from See also:Berlin and 45 M. N.W. of See also:Rostock. Pop. (1905), 31,813, of whom more than a See also:fourth reside in the Knieper, Tribseeser, Franken and other suburbs on the See also:main-See also:land. A See also:steam railway See also:ferry connects it with the island railway on Rugen, and so with Sassnitz, whence a See also:regular steamboat See also:mail service affords communication with Trelleborg in See also:Sweden. The situation of the See also:town proper, on a small triangular islet only connected with the mainland by three moles and See also:bridges at the angles, has always rendered its fortification comparatively easy, and.down to 1873 it was a fortress of the first See also:rank. Since that See also:year the ramparts have been levelled and their site occupied by public promenades and gardens. The defences of the See also:place are now solely confined to the island of Danholm, known down to the 13th See also:century as Strehla or Strehlo, lying in the See also:Sound. The See also:quaint See also:architecture of the houses, many of which See also:present their curious and handsome gables to the See also:street, gives Stralsund an interesting and old-fashioned See also:appearance. The four See also:Gothic churches of St See also:Nicholas,' St See also:Mary, with a lofty See also:steeple, St See also:James and The See also:Holy See also:Ghost, and the See also:fine See also:medieval town See also:hall, dating in its See also:oldest See also:part from 1306 and restored in 1882, are among the more striking buildings. The last houses the provincial antiquarian museum and the municipal library of 70,000 volumes. There is a -fine See also:monument commemorating the See also:war of 1870-71, one (1859) to the See also:local patriot See also:Ferdinand von See also:Schill, and another (1900) to the poet and patriot E.

M. See also:

Arndt. Among the educational establishments of the place must be mentioned the classical school (Gymnasium), founded in 1560, and a school of See also:navigation. The manufactures of Stralsund are more See also:miscellaneous than extensive; they include machinery, playing See also:cards, See also:sugar, See also:soap, cigars, gloves, See also:furniture, See also:paper, oil and See also:beer. The See also:trade is chiefly confined to the See also:ship-ping of See also:grain, See also:fish, See also:coal, See also:malt and See also:timber, with some See also:cattle and wocl, and to the import of coal and See also:tar, but of See also:late years it has declined, despite excellent See also:wharf See also:accommodation and a consider-able See also:depth of See also:water (12-15 ft.). Stralsund entertains passenger-See also:boat communications with See also:Barth, See also:Stettin, Rostock and Liibeck as well as with various small ports on the isle of Rugen. - Stralsund was founded in 1234, and, though several times destroyed, steadily prospered. It was one of the five Wendish towns whose See also:alliance extorted from See also:King See also:Eric of See also:Norway a favourable commercial treaty in 1284-1285; and in the 14th century it was second only to See also:Lubeck in the Hanseatic See also:League. Although under the sway of the See also:dukes of Pomerania, the See also:city was able to maintain a marked degree of See also:independence, which is still apparent in its municipal privileges. Its See also:early See also:Protestant sympathies placed it on the side of Sweden during the See also:Thirty Years' War, and in 1628 it successfully resisted a See also:siege of eleven See also:weeks by See also:Wallenstein, who had sworn to take it " though it were chained to See also:heaven." He was forced to retire with the loss of 12,000 men, and a yearly festival in the town still celebrates the occasion. After the See also:peace of See also:Westphalia Stralsund was ceded with the See also:rest of Western Pomerania to Sweden; and for more than a century and a See also:half it was exposed to attack and See also:capture as the tote-de-pons of the Swedes in See also:continental See also:Europe. It was taken by See also:France in 1807, and in 1815 it passed to See also:Prussia.

In 1809 it was the See also:

scene of the See also:death of Ferdinand von Schill, in his gallant though ineffectual See also:attempt to rouse his countrymen against the See also:French invaders. See Mohnike and Zober, Stralsundische Chroniken (Stralsund, 1833-1834) ; See also:Israel, See also:Die Stadt Stralsund (See also:Leipzig, 1893) ; Baler, Stralsundische Geschichten (Stralsund, 1902); and T. Reishaus, Wallenstein and die Belagerung Sfralsunds (Stralsund, 1887). ' A remarkable See also:series of 14th-century frescoes, in perfect See also:condition, were disclosed in 1909 by the removal of the whitewash which had for centuries covered the interior of this fine See also:church.

End of Article: STRALSUND

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