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RUGEN

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 822 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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RUGEN , an See also:

ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of See also:

Germany, in the Baltic, immediately opposite See also:

STRALSUND

Stralsund, 11 m. off the See also:

north-See also:

west See also:

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

POMERANIA (German, Pommern)

Pomerania in See also:

Prussia, from which it is separated by the narrow Strelasund, or Bodden. Its shape is exceedingly irregular, and its coast-See also:

LINE

line is broken by numerous bays and peninsulas, sometimes of considerable See also:

SIZE

size. The See also:

general name is applied by the natives only to the roughly triangular See also:

main See also:

TRUNK (Fr. tronc, Lat. truncus, cut off, maimed)

trunk of the island, while the larger peninsulas, the landward extremities of which See also:

TAPER (probably of Celtic origin, cf. Irish tapar, Welsh tampr, taper, torch)

taper to narrow necks of See also:

LAND

land, are considered to be as distinct from Rugen as the various adjacent smaller islands which are also included for statistical purposes under the name. The See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief peninsulas are those of Jasmund and Wittow on the north, and Monchgut, at one See also:

time the See also:

PROPERTY

property of the monastery of Eldena, on the See also:

south-See also:

east; and the chief neighbouring islands are Ummanz and Hiddensee, both off the north-west coast. Rugen is the largest island in Germany. Its greatest length from N. to S. is 32 m.; its greatest breadth is 251 m.; and its See also:

AREA

area is 377 sq. m. The See also:

SURFACE

surface gradually rises towards the west to Rugard (335 ft.)—the " See also:

eye of Rugen "—near See also:

BERGEN

Bergen, but the highest point is the Hertaburg (505 ft.) in Jasmund. Erratic blocks are scattered throughout the island, and the roads are made with See also:

GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite. Though much of Rugen is See also:

FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat and sandy, the See also:

FINE

fine See also:

BEECH

beech See also:

woods which See also:

COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover a See also:

GREAT

great See also:

PART

part of it, and the bold See also:

NORTHERN

northern coast scenery combine with the convenient See also:

sea-bathing offered by the various villages around the coast to attract large See also:

numbers of visitors. -The most beautiful and attractive part of the island is the See also:

peninsula of Jasmund, which terminates to the north in the Stubbenkammer (See also:

SLAVONIC, OLD

Slavonic for " See also:

rock steps "), a sheer See also:

CHALK

chalk cliff, the See also:

SUMMIT

summit of which, the Konigsstuhl, is 420 ft. above the sea. The east of Jasmund is clothed with an extensive beech See also:

wood called the Stubbenitz, in which lies the Borg, or Herta See also:

Lake. Connected with Jasmund by the narrow See also:

ISTHMUS (Gr.io0pbs, neck)

isthmus of Schabe to the west is the peninsula of WVittow, the most fertile part of the island.

At its north-west extremity rises the height of Arcona, with a lighthouse. A See also:

ferry connects the island with Stralsund, and from the landing-See also:

STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage at Altefahr a railway traverses the island, passing the See also:

capital Bergen to Sassnitz, on the north-east coast. Hence a See also:

REGULAR

regular steamboat service connects with Trelleborg in See also:

Sweden, thus affording See also:

DIRECT

direct communication between See also:

Berlin and Stock-holm. The other chief places are Garz, Sagard, Gingst and Putbus, the last being the old capital of a See also:

BARONY

barony of the princes of Putbus. Sassnitz, Gohren, Sellin and Lauterbach-Putbus are among the favourite bathing resorts. Schoritz was the birthplace of the patriot and poet, See also:

ERNST, HEINRICH WILHELM (1814–1865)

Ernst See also:

MORITZ, KARL PHILIPP (1757-1793)

Moritz See also:

Arndt. Ecclesiastically Rugen is divided into 75 parishes, in which the See also:

PASTORAL (from Lat. pastor, a shepherd)

pastoral See also:

SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession is said to be almost hereditary. The in-habitants are distinguished from those of the mainland by peculiarities of See also:

DIALECT (from Gr. Sia stcror, conversation, manner of speaking, &aXeyec6at, to converse)

dialect, See also:

costume and habits; and even the various peninsulas differ from each other in these particulars. The peninsula of Monchgut has best preserved its peculiarities; but there, too, See also:

PRIMITIVE

primitive simplicity is yielding to the See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of the See also:

ANNUAL

annual stream of summer visitors. The inhabitants raise some See also:

CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle, and Rugen has See also:

long been famous for its geese; but the only really considerable See also:

INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry is fishing,—the See also:

HERRING (Clupea harengus, Haring in German, le hareng in French, sill in Swedish)

herring-See also:

FISHERY (LAW OF)

fishery being especially important. Rugen, with the neighbouring islands, forms a governmental See also:

DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department, with a See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population (1905) of 47,023. The See also:

ORIGINAL

original Germanic inhabitants of Rugen were dispossessed by Slays; and there are still various See also:

RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics of the long reign of paganism that ensued.

In the Stubbenitz and elsewhere See also:

HUNS

Huns' or giants' See also:

GRAVES, ALFRED PERCEVAL (1846— )

graves are See also:

COMMON

common; and near the See also:

HERTHA, or NERTHUS

Hertha Lake are the ruins of an See also:

ancient edifice which some have sought to identify with the See also:

SHRINE (Lat. scrinium, a case or chest for books, hence a casket; from scribere, to write, Fr. ecrin, Ital. scrigno)

shrine of the See also:

HEATHEN

heathen deity Hertha or Nerthus, referred to by See also:

Tacitus. On Arcona in Wittow are the remains of an ancient fortress, enclosing a See also:

temple which was destroyed in 1168 by the Danish See also:

king Waldemar I., when he made himself See also:

MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the island. Rugen was ruled then by a succession of native princes, under Danish supremacy, until 1218. After being for a See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century and a See also:

HALF

half in the See also:

possession of a See also:

BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the ruling See also:

FAMILY

family in Pomerania, it was finally See also:

UNITED

united with that duchy in 1478, and passed with it into the possession of Sweden in 1648. With the See also:

REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of Western Pomerania Rugen has belonged to Prussia since 1815. See Fock, Riigensch-pommersche Geschichten (6 vols., See also:

LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1861-72); R. Baier, See also:

Die Insel Riigen nach ihrer archdologischen Bedeutung (Stralsund, 1886) ; R. See also:

CREDNER, CARL FRIEDRICH HEINRICH (1809-1876)

Credner, Rugen. Eine Inselstudie (See also:

STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1893); See also:

Edwin See also:

Muller, Die Insel Rugen (17th ed., Berlin, 1900); Schuster, Fiihrer durch die Insel Riigen (7th ed., See also:

STETTIN

Stettin, 1901) ; See also:

BOLL

Boll, Die Insel Rugen (See also:

Schwerin, 1858) ; O. Wendler, Geschichte Riigens sell der dltesten Zeit (Bergen, 1895) ; A. Haas, Riigensche Sagen and Mdrehen (Greifswald, 1891) ; U. See also:

John, Volkssagen aus Rugen (Stettin, 1886) ; and E.

M. Arndt, See also:

FAIRY (Fr. fee, faerie; Prov. facia; Sp. hada; Ital. fata; med. Lat. fatare, to enchant, from Lat. fatum, fate, destiny)

Fairy Tales from the Isle of Rugen (See also:

LONDON

London, 1896).

End of Article: RUGEN

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