Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

THROCKMORTON (or THROGMORTON), FRANCI...

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V26, Page 891 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
Spread the word: del.icio.us del.icio.us it!

See also:

THROCKMORTON (or THROGMORTON), See also:FRANCIS, 4 ..554! 1584), See also:English conspirator, was the son of See also:Sir See also:John Throckmorton of See also:Feckenham in See also:Warwickshire, and his wife Margery See also:Puttenham. Sir John had been concerned in See also:Wyat's See also:rebellion against See also:Queen See also:Mary Tudor, but was afterwards known as a sympathizer with the See also:Roman See also:Catholic party in the reign of Queen See also:Elizabeth, and in 158o was removed from his See also:office of See also:chief See also:justice of See also:Chester for irregularities in his office, but probably because he was suspected of disloyalty by the See also:government. Francis was educated at See also:Hart See also:Hall, See also:Oxford, which he entered in 1572. In 1576 he was enrolled in the Inner See also:Temple. At Oxford he had come under the See also:influence of the Roman Catholics, whose See also:power was still See also:great in the university, and must have heard of See also:Edmund Campian (q.v.) who had See also:left shortly before he him-self entered the university. When Campian and See also:Parsons came to See also:England in 1580 to conduct the Jesuit propaganda against Queen Elizabeth, Francis Throckmorton was one of a society of members of the Inner Temple who See also:united to hide and help them. In that See also:year he went abroad, first to join his See also:brother See also:Thomas, who was engaged with the exiled Roman Catholics in See also:Paris, and then to travel in See also:Italy and See also:Spain. While abroad he consorted with exiled papists, and was undoubtedly engaged in treasonable intrigues. In 1583 he returned to See also:act as the confidential See also:agent of an elaborate See also:conspiracy which had for its See also:object the invasion of England by a See also:French force under command of the See also:duke of See also:Guise, or by Spaniards and Italians sent by See also:Philip II. for the purpose of releasing the imprisoned Mary Queen of Scots and restoring the authority of the See also:pope. Throckmorton possessed, or occupied, a See also:house on See also:Paul's See also:wharf, See also:London, which served as a See also:meeting-See also:place for the conspirators. Many plots were being carried on alongside of the chief one, and the suspicions of the government were aroused.

Throckmorton's See also:

constant visits to the See also:Spanish See also:ambassador, Bernardino de See also:Mendoza, attracted See also:attention, and he was arrested in See also:October 1583. He was ciphering a See also:letter to Queen Mary when the constables came upon him suddenly, but he found See also:time to send a See also:casket of compromising papers by a trustworthy maidservant to Mendoza, and a card in See also:cipher in which he promised to reveal nothing. As he refused to confess when brought before the See also:council, he was put on the See also:rack in the See also:Tower. He resisted a first application of the See also:torture, but his strength and courage failed when he was threatened with a second, and he made a full See also:confession. At a later See also:period he retracted and asserted that his avowals were false and had been extorted from him by See also:pain, or had been put in his mouth by the examiners. His confession agreed, however, fully with what is known from other See also:sources of the See also:plot, and there can be no doubt that when his house was searched the constables found lists of his confederates, plans of harbours meant for use by See also:foreign invaders, See also:treatises in See also:defence of the See also:title of the Queen of Scots to the See also:throne of England, and " infamous libels on Queen Elizabeth printed beyond seas." His trial, which in the circumstances was a See also:mere formality, took place on the 21st of May 1584, and he was executed at See also:Tyburn on the loth of See also:July. The See also:arrest and confession of Throckmorton were events of great importance. They terrified the conspirators, who fled abroad in large See also:numbers, and led to the See also:expulsion of the Spanish ambassador and so to See also:war with Spain.

End of Article: THROCKMORTON (or THROGMORTON), FRANCIS, 4

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
THROAT (O. Eng. protu, prote or }Prota, possibly fr...
[next]
THROCKMORTON (or THROGMORTON), SIR