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WILKINSON, SIR JOHN GARDNER (1797—1875)

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 648 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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WILKINSON, See also:SIR See also:JOHN See also:GARDNER (1797—1875) , See also:English of operation (which they have been accustomed to regard as of traveller and Egyptologist, was See also:born on the 5th of See also:October universal range and See also:necessity) to the facts or assumed facts of 1797, the son of the Rev. John Wilkinson, a well-known student human activity, is a See also:constant source of fresh discussions of the of antiquarian subjects. Having inherited a sufficient income problem. Similarly the See also:modern See also:attempt upon the See also:part of from his parents, who died when he was See also:young, he was sent by See also:psychology to analyse (under whatever limitations and with his See also:guardian to See also:Harrow in 1813, and to See also:Exeter See also:College, See also:Oxford, whatever See also:object of inquiry) all the forms and processes of in 1816. He took no degree, and, suffering from See also:ill-See also:health, human consciousness has inevitably led to an examination of went to See also:Italy, where he met Sir See also:William Gel], and resolved to the consciousness of human freedom: while the postulate study Egyptology. Between 1821 and 1833 he travelled widely of most modern psychologists that conscious processes are not in the See also:Nile Valley and began to publish the results. He returned to be considered as removed from the See also:sphere of those necessary to See also:England in 1833 for the See also:sake of his health, was elected See also:fellow causal sequences with which See also:science deals, produces, if the of the Royal Society in 1834, published The See also:Topography of consciousness of freedom be admitted as a fact of See also:mental See also:Thebes and See also:General Survey of See also:Egypt (1835) and See also:Manners and See also:history, the old metaphysical difficulty in a new and highly Customs of the See also:Ancient Egyptians (3 vols., 1837), and on the specialized See also:form. 26th of See also:August 1839 was knighted by the See also:Melbourne See also:ministry. There is some ground nevertheless for maintaining, contrary In 1842 he returned to Egypt and contributed to the See also:Journal to much modern See also:opinion, that the controversy is fundamentally of the See also:Geographical Society an See also:article entitled " Survey of and in the See also:main a moral controversy. It is true that the precise the Valley of the Natron Lakes." This appeared in 1843, in relation between the activities of human See also:wills and other forms which See also:year he also published an enlarged edition of his Topo- of activity in the natural See also:world is a highly speculative problem graphy, entitled Moslem Egypt and Thebes, a See also:work afterwards and one with which the See also:ordinary See also:man is not immediately See also:con-reissued in See also:Murray's See also:series. During 1844 he travelled in See also:Monte- cerned. It is true also that the ordinary moral consciousness See also:negro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, an See also:account of his observations accepts without hesitation the postulate of freedom, and is being published in 1848 (See also:Dalmatia and See also:Montenegro, 2 vols.). unaware of, or imperfectly acquainted with, the speculative A third visit to Egypt in 1848—1849 resulted in a further article difficulties that surround its possibility.

Moreover, much work in the Journal, " On the See also:

Country between Wady Halfah and of the highest importance in See also:ethics in modern as well as ancient See also:Jebel Berkel " (1851); in 1855 he again visited Thebes. Subse- times has been completed with but scanty, if any, reference to quently he investigated Cornish antiquities, and studied See also:zoology. the subject of the freedom of the will, or upon a metaphysical He died at See also:Llandovery on the 29th of October 1875. To his basis compatible with most of the doctrines of both the See also:rival old school, Harrow, he had already in 1864 presented his collec- theories. The determinist equally with the libertarian moral tions with an elaborate See also:catalogue. philosopher can give an account of morality possessing See also:internal Besides the See also:works mentioned he published Materia Hieroglyphica coherence and a certain degree of verisimilitude.

End of Article: WILKINSON, SIR JOHN GARDNER (1797—1875)

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