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CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA (reigned 321–296 B.c.) , known to the Greeks as Sandracottus, founder of the Maurya See also:empire and first See also:paramount ruler of See also:India, was the son of a See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Magadha by a woman of humble origin, whose See also:caste he took, and whose name, Mura, is said to have been the origin of that of Maurya assumed by his See also:dynasty. As a youth he was driven into See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile by his kinsman, the reigning king of Magadha. In the course of his wanderings he met See also:Alexander the See also:Great, and, according to See also:Plutarch (Alexander, cap. 62), encouraged him to invade the See also:Ganges See also:kingdom by enlarging on the extreme unpopularity of the reigning monarch. During his exile he collected a large force of the warlike clans of the See also:north-See also:west frontier, and on the See also:death of Alexander attacked the Macedonian garrisons and conquered the See also:Punjab. He next attacked Magadha, de-throned and slew the king, his enemy, with every member of his See also:family, and established himself on the See also:throne (321). The great See also:army acquired from his predecessor he increased until it reached the See also:total of 30,000 See also:cavalry, 9000 elephants, and 600,000 See also:infantry; and with this huge force he overran all See also:northern India, establishing his empire from the Arabian See also:Sea to the See also:Bay of See also:Bengal. In 305 Seleucus Nicator crossed the See also:Indus, but was defeated by Chandragupta and forced to a humiliating See also:peace (303), by which the empire of the latter was still farther extended in the north. About six years later Chandragupta died, leaving his empire to his son Bindusura.
An excellent See also:account of the See also:court and administrative See also:system of Chandragupta has been preserved in the fragments of Megasthenes, who came to Pataliputra as the See also:envoy of Seleucus shortly after 303. The See also:government was, of course, autocratic and even tyrannous, but it was organi ed on an elaborate system, army and See also:civil service being adminl ered by a See also:series of boards, while the cities were governed by municipal commissioners responsible for public See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order and the upkeep of public See also:works. Chandragupta himself is described as living in barbaric splendour, appearing in public only to hear causes, offer See also:sacrifice, or to go on military and See also:hunting expeditions, and withal so fearful of assassination that he never slept two nights See also:running in the same See also:room.
See J. W. MacCrindle, See also:Ancient India as described by Megasthenes and See also:Arrian (See also:Calcutta, 1877); V. A. See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith, See also:Early Hist. of India (See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, 1908); also the articles INDIA: See also:History, and See also:INSCRIPTIONS: See also:Indian.
End of Article: CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA (reigned 321–296 B.c.)
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