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CHARLES RENE

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 842 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CHARLES RENE D'See also:HOZIER (1640-1732), younger son of See also:Pierre, was the true continuator of his See also:father. In addition to his commentary appended to See also:Antoine Varillas's See also:history of See also:King Charles IX. (1686 ed.), he published Recherches sur la noblesse de See also:Champagne (1673). On the promulgation in 1696 of an See also:edict directing all who had armorial See also:bearings to See also:register them on See also:payment of 20 livres, he was employed to collect the declarations returned in the various generalites, and established the Armorial See also:general de See also:France. This See also:work, which contained not only the armorial bearings of See also:noble families, but also of those commoners who were entitled to See also:bear arms, is not See also:complete, inasmuch as many refused to register their arms, either from vanity or from a See also:desire to evade the See also:fee. The collection (now in the Bibliotheque Nationale) consists of 34 volumes of See also:text and 35 of coloured armorial bearings, and in spite of its deficiencies is a useful See also:store of See also:information for the history of the old See also:French families. It contains 6o,000 names, grouped according to provinces and provincial subdivisions. The sections See also:relating to See also:Burgundy and Franche-See also:Comte were published by See also:Henri Bouchot (1875–1876): those relating to the generalite of See also:Limoges, by See also:Moreau de Pravieux (1895) ; and those for the See also:election of See also:Reims, by P. Cosset (1903). In 1717, in consequence of a See also:quarrel with his See also:nephew See also:Louis Pierre, son of Louis See also:Roger, Charles sold his collection to the king. It then comprised r6o portfolios of genealogical papers arranged alphabetically, 175 volumes of documents, and numerous printed books profusely annotated. In 1720 it was inventoried by P.de Clairambault, who added a certain number of genealogies taken from the papers of F.

R. de Gaienieres, increasing the but they hardly do See also:

justice to the spirit of kindly benevolence which in less trying circumstances he was ever ready to display. He died at Winkel on the See also:Rhine, on the 4th of See also:February 856. He is frequently referred to as St Rabanus, but incorrectly. His voluminous See also:works, many of which remain unpublished, comprise commentaries on a considerable number of the books both of canonical and of apocryphal Scripture (See also:Genesis to See also:judges, See also:Ruth, See also:Kings, See also:Chronicles, See also:Judith, See also:Esther, See also:Canticles, See also:Proverbs, See also:Wisdom, See also:Ecclesiasticus, See also:Jeremiah, See also:Lamentations, See also:Ezekiel, See also:Maccabees, See also:Matthew, the Epistles of St See also:Paul, including See also:Hebrews); and various See also:treatises relating to doctrinal and See also:practical subjects, including more than one See also:series of Homilies. Perhaps the most important is that De institution clericorum, in three books, by which he did much to bring into prominence the views of See also:Augustine and See also:Gregory the See also:Great as to the training which was requisite for a right See also:discharge of the clerical See also:function; the most popular has been a comparatively worthless See also:tract De laudibus sanctae crucis. Among the others may be mentioned the De universe libri xxii., sive etymologiarum See also:opus, a See also:kind of See also:dictionary or See also:encyclopaedia, designed as a help towards the See also:historical and mystical See also:interpretation of Scripture, the De sacris ordinibus, the De disciplina ecclesiastica and the Martyrologium. All of them are characterized by erudition (he knew even some See also:Greek and See also:Hebrew) rather than by originality of thought. The poems are of singularly little See also:interest or value, except as including one See also:form of the " Vent Creator." In the See also:annals of See also:German See also:philology a See also:special interest attaches to the Glossaria Latino-Theodisca. A commentary, Super Porphyrium, printed by See also:Cousin in 1836 among the Ouvrages inedits d'See also:Abelard, and assigned both by that editor and by See also:Haureau to Hrabanus Maurus, is now generally believed to have been the work of a See also:disciple. The first nominally complete edition of the works of Hrabanus Maurus was that of Colvener (See also:Cologne, 6 vols. fol., 1627). The See also:Opera omnia form vols. cvii.-cxii. of See also:Migne's Patrologiae cm-See also:sus completus. The De universo is the subject of Compendium der Naturwissenschaften an der Schule zu See also:Fulda See also:im IX.

Jahrhundert (See also:

Berlin, 1880). Maurus is the subject of monographs by See also:Schwarz (De Rhabano Mauro primo Germaniae praeceptore, 1811), Kunstmann (Historische Monographie fiber Hrabanus Magnentius Maurus, 1841), Spengler (Leben See also:des heil. Rhabanus Maurus, 1856) and Kohler (Rhabanus Maurus u. See also:die Schule zu Fulda, 1870). Lives by his disciple Rudolphus and by Joannes See also:Trithemius are printed in the Cologne edition of the Opera. See also See also:Pertz, Monum. Germ. Hist. (i. and ii.) ; See also:Bahr, Gesch. d. romischen Literatur im Karoling. Zeitalter (184o), and Hauck's See also:article in the See also:Herzog-Hauck Realencyklopadie, ed. 3.

End of Article: CHARLES RENE

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