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See also:HALF See also:TIMBER See also:WORK , an architectural See also:term given to those buildings in which the framework is of timber with See also:vertical studs and See also:cross pieces filled in between with See also:brickwork, See also:rubble See also:masonry or See also:plaster work on See also:oak laths; in the first two, See also:brick nogging or nogging are the terms occasionally employed (see See also:CARPENTRY). Sometimes the timber structure is raised on a See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone or brick See also:foundation, as at See also:Ledbury See also:town See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall in See also:Herefordshire, where the See also:lower See also:storey is open on all sides; but more often it is raised on a ground storey, either in brick or stone, and in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to give additional See also:size to the upper rooms projects forward, being carried on the See also:floor joists. Sometimes the masonry or brickwork rises through two or three storeys and the half-brick work is confined to the gables. There seems to be some difference of See also:opinion as to whether the term applies to the mixture of solid walling with the timber structure or to the See also:alternation of See also:wood posts and the filling in, but the latter See also:definition is that which is generally understood. The half-timber throughout See also:England is of the most picturesque description, and the earliest examples date from towards the See also:close of the 15th See also:century. In the earliest example, Newgate See also:House, See also:York (c. 1450), the timber framing is raised over the ground floor. The finest specimen is perhaps that of Moreton Old Hall, See also:Cheshire (1570), where there is only a stone foundation about 12 in. high, and the same applies to Bramall Hall, near See also:Manchester, portions of which are very See also:early. Among other examples are See also:Speke Hall, See also:Lancashire; See also:Park Hall, See also:Shropshire (1553–1558); Hall i' th' Wood, Lancashire (1591); St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter's See also:Hospital, See also:Bristol (1607); the See also:Ludlow See also:Feather's See also:Inn (Oro); many of the streets at See also:Chester and See also:Shrewsbury; the Sparrowe's See also:Home, See also:Ipswich; and See also:Staple Inn, See also:Holborn, from which in See also:recent years the plaster coat which was put on many years ago has been removed, displaying the See also:ancient woodwork. A similar See also:fate has overtaken a very large number of half-timber buildings to keep out the See also:driving winds; thus in See also:Lewes nearly all the half-timbered houses have had slates hung on the timbers, others tiles, the greater number having been e.,vered with plaster or See also:stucco. Although there are probably many more half-timber houses in England than on the See also:continent of See also:Europe, in the See also:north of See also:France and in See also:Germany are examples in many of the See also:principal towns, and in some cases in better preservation than in England. They are also enriched with See also:carving of a purer and better type, especially in France; thus at See also:Chartres, See also:Angers, See also:Rouen, See also:Caen, See also:Lisieux, See also:Bayeux, St LS and See also:Beauvais, are many extremely See also:fine examples of See also:late Flamboyant and early Transitional examples. Again on the See also:borders of the See also:Rhine in all the small towns most of the houses are in half-timber work, the best examples being at See also:Bacharach, Rhense and Boppart. Far more elaborate examples, however, are found in the vicinity of the Harz Mountains; the See also:supply of timber from the forests there being very abundant; thus at See also:Goslar, See also:Wernigerode and Quedlingburg there is an endless variety, as also farther on at See also:Gelnhausen and See also:Hameln, the finest See also:series of all being at See also:Hildesheim. In See also:Bavaria at See also:Nuremberg, Rothenburg and See also:Dinkelsbuhl, half-timber houses dating from the 16th century are still well preserved; and throughout See also:Switzerland the houses constructed in timber and plaster are the most characteristic features of the See also:country.
End of Article: HALF TIMBER WORK
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