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HILDESHEIM , a See also:town and episcopal see of See also:Germany, in the Prussian See also:province of See also:Hanover, beautifully situated at the See also:north See also:foot of the Harz Mountains, on the right :See also:bank of the Innerste, 18 m. S.E. of Hanover by railway, and on the See also:main See also:line from See also:Berlin, via See also:Magdeburg to See also:Cologne. Pop. (1885) 20,386, (1905) 47,060. The town consists of an old and a new See also:part, and is surrounded by ramparts which have been converted into promenades. Its streets are for .the most part narrow and irregular, and contain many old houses with overhanging upper storeys and richly and curiously adorned wooden facades. Its religious edifices are five See also:Roman See also:Catholic and four Evangelical churches and a See also:synagogue. The most interesting is the Roman Catholic See also:cathedral, which See also:dates from the See also:middle of the 11th See also:century and occupies the site of a See also:building founded by the See also:emperor See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis the Pious See also:early in the gth century. It is famous for its antiquities and See also:works of See also:art. These include the See also:bronze doors executed by See also:Bishop Bernward, with reliefs from the See also:history of See also:Adam and of Jesus See also:Christ; a brazen See also:font of the 13th century; two large candelabra of the rrth century; the See also:sarcophagus of St Godehard; and the tomb_ of St See also:Epiphanius. In the cathedral also there is a bronze See also:column 15 ft. high, adorned with reliefs from the See also:life of Christ and dating from 1022, and another column, at one See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time thought to be an Irminsaule erected in See also:honour of the Saxon idol See also:Irmin, but now regarded as belonging to a Roman See also:aqueduct. On the See also:wall of the Romanesque See also:crypt, which was restored in 1896, is a See also:rose-See also:bush, alleged to be a thousand years old; this sends its branches to a height of 24 ft. and a breadth of 30 ft., and they are trained to interlace one of the windows. Before the cathedral is the See also:pretty See also:cloister See also:garth, with the See also:chapel of St See also:Anne, erected in 1321 and restored in 1888. The Romanesque See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of St Godehard was built in the 12th century and restored in the loth. The church of St See also:Michael, founded by Bishop Bernward early in the nth century and restored after injury by See also:fire in 1186, contains a unique painted See also:ceiling of the 12th century, the sarcophagus and See also:monument of Bishop Bernward, and a bronze font; it is now a See also:Protestant See also:parish church, but the crypt is used by the Roman Catholics. The church of the Magdalene possesses two candelabra, a See also:gold See also:cross, and various other works in See also:- METAL
- METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)
metal by Bishop Bernward; and the Lutheran church of St See also:Andrew has a See also:choir dating from 1389 and a See also:tower 385 ft. high. In the suburb of Moritzberg there is an See also:abbey church founded in 1040, the only pure columnar See also:basilica in north Germany.
The See also:chief See also:secular buildings are the town-See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall (Rathaus), which dates from the 15th century and was' restored in 1883-1892, adorned with frescoes illustrating the history of the See also:city; the Tempelherrenhaus, in See also:Late See also:Gothic erroneously said to have been built by the Knights See also:Templars; the Knochenhaueramthaus, formerly the gild-See also:house of the butchers, which was restored after being damaged by fire in 1884, and is probably the finest specimen of a wooden building in Germany; the See also:Michaelis monastery, used as a lunatic See also:asylum; and the old Carthusian monastery. The Romer museum of antiquities and natural history is housed in the former church of St See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin; the buildings of Trinity See also:hospital, partly dating from the 14th century, are now a factory; and the Wedekindhaus (1598) is now a savings-bank. The educational establishments include a Roman Catholic and a Lutheran gymnasium, a Roman Catholic school and See also:college and two technical institutions, the Georgstift for daughters of See also:state servants and a See also:conservatoire of See also:music. Hildesheim is the seat of considerable See also:industry. Its chief productions are See also:sugar, See also:tobacco and cigars, stoves, See also:machines, vehicles, agricultural implements and bricks. Other trades are See also:brewing and tanning. It is connected with Hanover by an electric tram line, 19 m. in length.
Hildesheim owes its rise and prosperity to the fact that in 822 it was made the seat of the bishopric which See also:Charlemagne had founded at See also:Elze a few years, before. Its importance was greatly increased by St Bernward, who was bishop from 993 to 1022 and walled the town. By his example and patronage the art of working in, metals was greatly stimulated. In the 13th century Hildesheim became a See also:free city of the See also:Empire; in 1249 it received municipal rights and about the same time it joined the Hanseatic See also:league. Several of its bishops belonged to one or other of the See also:great families of Germany; and gradually they became practically See also:independent. The citizens were frequently quarrelling with the bishops, who also carried on See also:wars with neighbouring princes, especially with the house of See also:Brunswick-See also:Luneburg, 'under whose See also:protection Hildesheim placed itself several times. The most' celebrated' of these struggles is the one known as the Hildesheirer Stiftsfehde, which See also:broke out early in the 16th century when See also:John, See also:duke of See also:Saxe-See also:Lauenburg; was bishop. At first the bishop and his See also:allies were successful, but in 1521 the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Denmark and the duke of Brunswick overran his lands and in 1523 he made See also:peace, surrendering nearly all his possessions. Much, however, was restored when See also:Ferdinand, See also:prince of See also:Bavaria, was bishop (1612-1650), as this warlike See also:prelate took See also:advantage of the disturbances caused by the See also:Thirty Years' See also:War to seize the lost lands, and at the beginning of the 19th century the extent of the prince bishopric was 682 sq. m. In 18or the bishopric was secularized and in 18o3 was granted to See also:Prussia; in 1807 it was incorporated with the See also:kingdom of See also:Westphalia and in 1813 was transferred to Hanover. In 1866, along with Hanover, it was annexed by Prussia. In 1803 a new bishopric of Hildesheim, a spiritual organization only, was established, and this has See also:jurisdiction over all the Roman Catholic churches in the centre of north Germany.
In See also:October 1868 a unique collection of See also:ancient Augustan See also:silver See also:plate was discovered on the Galgenberg near Hildesheim by some soldiers who were throwing up earthworks. This Hildesheimer Silberfund excited great See also:interest among classical archaeologists. Some authorities think that it is the, actual plate which belonged to See also:Drusus himself. The most noteworthy pieces are a See also:crater richly ornamented with arabesques and _ figures of See also:children, a platter with a See also:representation of See also:Minerva, another with one of the boy See also:Hercules and another with one of See also:Cybele. The collection is in the Kunstgewerbemuseum in Berlin.
See the Urkundenbuch der Stadt Hildesheim, edited by R. Dobner (Hildesheim, 1881-1901); the Urkundenbuch See also:des Hochstifts Hildesheim, edited by K. Janicke and' H. Hoogeweg (See also:Leipzig and Hanover, 1896-1903); C. See also:Bauer, Gesehiekte von Hildesheim (Hildesheim, 1892) ; A. See also:Bertram, Geschichte des Bistuties Hildesheim (Hildesheim, 1899 fol.) ; C. Euling, Hildesheimer See also:Land and Leute des 'Mien Jahrhunderts (Hildesheim, 1892) ; O. See also:Fischer, See also:Die Stadt Hildesheim warmed des dreissigjdhrigen Krieges (Hildesheim, 1897); A. See also:Grebe, Auf Hildesheimschem' Boden (Hildesheim, 1884); H. Cuno, Hildesheims Kxlnstler See also:im Mittelalter (Hildesheim, 1886);
W. See also:Wachsmuth, Geschichte von Hochstift and Stadt Hildesheim (Hildesheim, 1863); R. Dobner, Studlen zur Hildesheimischen Geschichte (Hildesheim, 1901); Lachner, Die Holzarchitektur Hildeshelms (Hildesheim, 1882); Seifart, Sagen, Marchen, Schwanke and Gebrduche aus Stadt and Stift Hildesheims (Hildesheim, 1889). For the Hildesheimer Stiftsfehde, see H. See also:Delius, Die Hildesheimische Stiftsfehde 1519 (Leipzig, 1803); For the Hildesheimer Silberf und, see Wieseler, Der Hildesheimer Silberf und (See also:Gottingen, 1869) ; Holzer, Der Hildesheimer antike Silberfund (Hildesheim, 1871); and E. Pernice and F.
End of Article: HILDESHEIM
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