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See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
LOUIS X . (1289—1316), See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:France and See also:Navarre, called le Hutin or " the Quarreller," was the son of See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip IV. and of Jeanne of Navarre. He was See also:born at See also:Paris on the 4th of See also:October 1289, took the See also:title king of Navarre on the See also:death of his See also:mother, on the 2nd of See also:April 1305, and succeeded Philip IV. in France on the 29th of See also:November 1314, being crowned at See also:Reims in See also:August 1315. The origin of his surname is uncertain. Louis X. is a somewhat indistinct figure among the See also:kings of France, the preponderating See also:influence at See also:court during his See also:short reign being that of his See also:uncle, See also:Charles of See also:Valois. The reign began with reaction against the policy of Philip IV. Private vengeance was wreaked on Enguerrand de See also:Marigny, who was hanged, See also:Pierre de Latilli; See also:bishop of Chalons and See also:chancellor, and Raoul de Presle, See also:advocate of the See also:parlement, who were imprisoned. The leagues of the lesser See also:country gentry, formed in 1314 before the See also:accession of Louis, continued to demand the See also:ancient privileges of the See also:nobility,—tourneys, private See also:wars and See also:judgment of nobles not by king's See also:officers but by their peers—and to protest against the See also:direct See also:call by the king of their vassals to the royal See also:army. Louis X. granted them charters in which he made apparent concessions, but used evasive formulas which in reality ceded nothing. There was a See also:charter to the See also:Normans, one to the Burgundians, one to the Languedocians (1315). See also:Robert de See also:Bethune, See also:count of See also:Flanders, refused to do See also:homage, and his See also:French fiefs were declared confiscate by a court of his peers. In August 1315 Louis X. led an army toward See also:Lille, but the flooded Lys barred his passage, the ground was so soaked with rains that the army could not advance, and it was thrown back, without a See also:battle, on See also:Tournai. Need of See also:money inspired one famous See also:ordinance of this reign; in 1315 the See also:serfs of the royal domains were invited to buy their See also:civil See also:liberty,—an invitation which did not meet with See also:great See also:enthusiasm, as the freedman was merely freed for further exploitation, and Philip V. was obliged to renew it in 1318. Louis X. died suddenly on the 5th of See also:June 1316. His first wife was See also:Margaret, daughterof Robert II., See also:duke of See also:Burgundy; she was accused of See also:adultery and died a prisoner in the See also:chateau See also:Gaillard. By her he had one daughter, Jeanne, wife of Philip, count of See also:Evreux and king of Navarre. By his second wife Clemence, daughter of Charles Martel, titular king of See also:Hungary, he See also:left a See also:posthumous son, King See also:John I.
See Ch. Dufayard, " La reaction feodale sous See also:les fils de Philippe le See also:Bel," in Revue historique (1894) ; See also:Paul Lehugeur, Histoire de Philippe le See also:Long, roi de France (Paris, 1897) ; and See also:Joseph See also:Petit, Charles de Valois (Paris, 1900). (J. T.
End of Article: LOUIS X
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