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See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
LOUIS VIII . (1187-1226), See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:France, eldest son of See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Augustus and of See also:Isabella of See also:Hainaut, was See also:born in See also:Paris on the 5th of See also:September 1187. Louis was See also:short, thin, See also:pale-faced, with studious tastes, See also:cold and placid See also:temper, sober and chaste in his See also:life. He See also:left the reputation of a See also:saint, but was also a See also:warrior See also:prince. In 1213 he led the See also:campaign against See also:Ferrand, See also:count of See also:Flanders; in 1214, while Philip Augustus was winning the victory of See also:Bouvines, he held See also:John of See also:England in check, and was victorious at La See also:Roche-aux-Moines. In the autumn of 1215 Louis received from a See also:group of See also:English barons, headed by See also:Geoffrey de See also:Mandeville, a See also:request to " See also:pluck them out of the See also:hand of this See also:tyrant " (John). Some 7000 See also:French knights were sent over to England during the See also:winter and two more contingents followed, but it was only after twenty-four English hostages had arrived in Paris that Louis himself prepared to invade England. The expedition was forbidden by the papal See also:legate, but Louis set out from See also:Calais on the 20th and landed at Stonor on the 22nd of May 1216. In three months he had obtained a strong foothold in eastern England, and in the end of See also:July he laid See also:siege to See also:Dover, while See also:part of his See also:army besieged See also:Windsor with a view to securing the safety of See also:London. The pretexts on which he claimed the English See also:crown were set down in a memorandum See also:drawn up by French lawyers in 1215. These claims—that John had forfeited the crown by the See also:murder of his See also:nephew, See also:Arthur of See also:Brittany, and that the English barons had the right to dispose of the vacant See also:throne—lost their plausibility on the See also:death of King John and the See also:accession of his See also:infant son as See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry III. in See also:October 1216. The papal legate, See also:Gualo, who had forbidden the enterprise, had arrived in England at the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time as Louis. He excommunicated the French troops and the English rebels, and Henry III. found a valiant defender in See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Marshal, See also:earl of See also:Pembroke. After the " See also:Fair of See also:Lincoln," in which his army was defeated, Louis was compelled to resign his pretensions, though by a See also:secret See also:article of the treaty of See also:Lambeth (September 1217) he secured a small See also:war See also:indemnity. Louis had assisted See also:Simon de See also:Montfort in his war against the Albigenses in 1215, • and after his return to France he again joined the crusade. With Simon's son and successor, Amauri de Montfort, he directed the brutal See also:massacre which followed the See also:capture of See also:Marmande. Philip II., suspicious of his son until the See also:close of his life, took precautions to assure his obedience, narrowly watched his See also:administration in See also:Artois, which Louis held from his See also:mother Isabella, and, contrary to the See also:custom of the See also:kings of France, did not See also:associate his son with him by having him crowned. Philip Augustus dying on the 14th of July 1223, Louis VIII. was anointed at See also:Reims on the 6th of See also:August following. He surrounded himself with councillors whom his See also:father had chosen and formed, and continued his father's policy. His reign was taken up with two See also:great designs: to destroy the See also:power of the Plantagenets, and to conquer the heretical See also:south of France. An expedition conquered See also:Poitou and See also:Saintonge (1224); in 1226 he led the crusade against the Albigenses in the south, forced See also:Avignon to capitulate and received the submission of See also:Languedoc. While passing the See also:Auvergne on his return to Paris, he was stricken with See also:dysentery, and died at See also:Montpensier on the 8th of
See also:November 1226. His reign, short as it was, brought gains both to the royal domains and to the power of the crown over the feudal lords. He had married in 'zoo See also:Blanche of See also:Castile, daughter of See also:Alphonso IX. of Castile and granddaughter of Henry II. of England, who See also:bore him twelve See also:children; his eldest surviving son was his successor, Louis IX.
See C. See also:Petit-Dutaillis, Elude sur la See also:vie et le regne de Louis VIII. (Paris, 1894); and E. See also:Lavisse, Histoire de France, tome iii. (19o1). (M.
End of Article: LOUIS VIII
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