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See also:MARIETTE, AUGUSTE See also:FERDINAND See also:FRANCOIS (1821-1881) , See also:French Egyptologist, was See also:born on the Ilth of See also:February 1821 at See also:Boulogne, where his See also:father was See also:town clerk. Educated at the Boulogne municipal See also:college, where he distinguished himself and showed much See also:artistic See also:- TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental
talent, he went to See also:England in 1839 when eighteen as See also:professor of French and See also:drawing at a boys' school at See also:Stratford-on-See also:Avon. In 184o he became See also:pattern-designer to a ribbon manufacturer at See also:Coventry; but weary of See also:ill-paid See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile he returned the same See also:year to Boulogne, and in 1841 took his degree at See also:Douai. He now became a professor at his old college, and for some years supplemented his See also:salary by giving private lessons and See also:writing on See also:historical and archaeological subjects for See also:local See also:periodicals. Meanwhile his See also:cousin See also:Nestor L'Hote, the friend and See also:fellow-traveller of See also:Champollion, died, and upon Mariette devolved the task of sorting the papers of the deceased savant. He thenceforth became passionately interested in Egyptology, devoted himself to the study of hieroglyphs and Coptic, and in 1847 published a See also:Catalogue analytique of the See also:Egyptian See also:Gallery of the Boulogne Museum; in 1849, being appointed to a subordinate position in the Louvre, he See also:left Boulogne for See also:Paris. Entrusted with a See also:government See also:mission for the purpose of seeking and purchasing Coptic, See also:Syriac, Arabic and Ethiopic See also:MSS. for the See also:national collection, he started for See also:Egypt in 185o; and soon after his arrival he made his celebrated See also:discovery of the ruins of the Serapeum and the subterraneous catacombs of the Apisbulls. His See also:original mission being abandoned, funds were now advanced for the See also:prosecution of his researches, and he remained in Egypt for four years, excavating, discovering and despatching archaeological treasures to the Louvre, of which museum he was on his return appointed an assistant See also:conservator. In 1858 he accepted the position of conservator of Egyptian monuments to the ex-See also:khedive, See also:Ismail See also:Pasha, and removed with his See also:family to See also:Cairo. His See also:history thenceforth becomes a See also:chronicle of unwearied exploration and brilliant success. The museum at Hula was founded immediately. The See also:pyramid-See also:fields of See also:Memphis and Sakkara, and the See also:necropolis of Meydum, and those of See also:Abydos and See also:Thebes were examined; the See also:great temples of See also:Dendera and See also:Edfu were disinterred; important excavations were carried out at See also:Karnak, Medinet-Habu and See also:Deir el-Bahri; Tanis (the Zoan of the See also:Bible) was partially explored in the See also:Delta; and even Gebel Barkal in the See also:Sudan. The See also:Sphinx was bared to the See also:rock-level, and the famous See also:granite and See also:alabaster See also:monument miscalled the " See also:Temple of the Sphinx " was discovered. Mariette was raised successively to the See also:rank of See also:bey and pasha in his own service. Honours and orders were showered on him: the See also:Legion of See also:Honour and the See also:Medjidie in 1852; the Red See also:Eagle (first class) of See also:Prussia in 1855; the See also:Italian See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of SS. See also:Maurice and See also:Lazarus in 1857; and the See also:Austrian order of See also:Francis-See also:Joseph in 1858. In 1873 the See also:Academy of See also:Inscriptions decreed to him the biennial See also:prize of 20,000 francs, and in 1878 he was elected a member of the See also:Institute. He was also an honorary member of most of the learned See also:societies of See also:Europe. In 1877 his See also:health See also:broke down through overwork. He lingered for a few years, working to the last, and died at Cairo on the 19th of See also:January 1881.
His See also:chief published See also:works are: Le Serapeum de Memphis (1857 and following years) ; Denderah, five folios and one 4to (1873–1875) ; Abydos, two folios and one 4to (1870–1880); Karnak, See also:folio and 4to (1875); Deir el-Bahari, folio and 4to (1877); Listes geographiques See also:des pylones de Karnak, folio (1875): Catalogue du Musee de Boulaq (six See also:editions 1864–1876) ; Apergu de l'histoire d'Egypte (four editions, 1864-1874, &c.); LesMastabas de l'ancien See also:empire (edited by See also:Maspero) (1883). See " See also:Notice biographique," by Maspero in Auguste Mariette. Euvres diverses (tome 1, Paris, 1904), and See also:art. EGYPT: Exploration and See also:Research.
End of Article: MARIETTE, AUGUSTE FERDINAND FRANCOIS (1821-1881)
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