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See also:MASPERO, GASTON CAMILLE See also:CHARLES (1846– ) , See also:French Egyptologist, was See also:born in See also:Paris on the 23rd of See also:June 1846, his parents being of Lombard origin. While at school he showed a See also:special See also:taste for See also:history, and when fourteen years old was already interested in hieroglyphic See also:writing. It was not until his second See also:year at the Ecole Normale in 1867 that Maspero met with an Egyptologist in the See also:person of See also:Mariette, who was then in Paris as See also:commissioner for the See also:Egyptian See also:section of the See also:exhibition. Mariette gave him two newly discovered hieroglyphic texts of considerable difficulty to study, and, self-taught, the See also:young See also:scholar produced See also:translations of them in less than a fortnight, a See also:great feat in those days when Egyptology was still almost in its See also:infancy. The publication of these in the same year established his reputation. A See also:short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time was spent in assisting a See also:gentleman in See also:Peru, who wasseeking to prove an See also:Aryan See also:affinity for the dialects spoken by the See also:Indians of that See also:country, to publish his researches; but in 1868 Maspero was back in See also:France at more profitable See also:work. In 1869 he became a teacher (repetiteur) of Egyptian See also:language and See also:archaeology at the Ecole See also:des Hautes Etudes; in 1874 he was appointed to the See also:chair of See also:Champollion at the See also:College de France.
In See also:November 188o See also:Professor Maspero went to See also:Egypt as. See also:head of an archaeological See also:mission despatched thither by the French See also:government, which ultimately See also:developed into the well-equipped Institut Frangais de 1'Archeologie See also:Oriental. This was but a few months before the See also:death of Mariette, whom Maspero then succeeded as director-See also:general of excavations and of the antiquities of Egypt. He held this See also:post till June 1886; in these five years he had organized the mission, and his labours for the Bulak museum and for archaeology had been See also:early rewarded by the See also:discovery of the great cache of royal mummies at See also:Deir el-Bahri in See also:July 1881. Maspero now resumed his professorial duties in Paris until 1899, when he returned to Egypt in his old capacity as director-general of the See also:department of antiquities. He found the collections in the See also:Cairo Museum enormously increased, and he superintended their removal from Gizeh to the new quarters at Kasr en-Nil in 1902. The vast See also:catalogue of the collections made rapid progress under Maspero's direction. Twenty-four volumes or sections were already published in 1909. The See also:repairs and clearances at the See also:temple of See also:Karnak, begun in his previous See also:tenure of See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office, led to the most remarkable discoveries in later years (see KARNAK), during which a vast amount of excavation and exploration has been carried on also by unofficial but authorized explorers of many nationalities.
Among his best-known publications are the large Histoire ancienne des peuples de l'Orient classique (3 vols., Paris, 1895–1897, translated into See also:English by Mrs McClure for the S.P.C.K.), displaying the history of the whole of the nearer See also:East from the beginnings to the See also:conquest by See also:Alexander; a smaller Histoire des peuples de l'Orient, 1 vol., of the same See also:- SCOPE (through Ital. scopo, aim, purpose, intent, from Gr. o'KOaos, mark to shoot at, aim, o ic07reiv, to see, whence the termination in telescope, microscope, &c.)
scope, which has passed through six See also:editions from 1875 to 1904; Etudes de mythologie et d'archeologie egyptiennes (Paris, 1893, &c.), a collection of reviews and essays originally published in various See also:journals, and especially important as contributions to the study of Egyptian See also:religion; L'Archeologie egyptienne (latest ed., 1907), of which several editions have been published in English. He also established the See also:journal Recueil de travaux relatifs a la philologie et a l'archeologie egyptiennes et assyriennes; the Bibliothkque egyptologique, in which the scattered essays of the French Egyptologists are collected, with See also:biographies, &c.; and the Annales du service des antiquites de l'Egypte, a repository for reports on See also:official excavations, &c.
Maspero also wrote: See also:Les See also:Inscriptions des pyramides de Saqqarah (Paris, 1894) ; Les Momies royales de Deir el-Bahari (Paris, 1889) ; Les Conies populaires de l'Egypte ancienne (3rd ed., Paris, 1906) ; Causeries d'Egypte (1907), translated by See also:Elizabeth See also:- LEE
- LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
- LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
- LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
- LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
- LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
- LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
- LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
- LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
- LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
- LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
- LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
- LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
- LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)
Lee as New See also:Light on See also:Ancient Egypt (1908).
End of Article: MASPERO, GASTON CAMILLE CHARLES (1846– )
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