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total value of the city's manufactures increased from $13,244,538 in 1890 to $17,923,059 ($14,233,483 being factory product) in 1900, and to $21,346,817 (factory product) in 1905, an increase of 50% over the value of the factory product in 1900. Chickasaw Bluffs were named from the Chickasaw See also:

INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians, who were in See also:

possession when See also:

white men first came to the vicinity. See also:

LATE

Late in the 17th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the See also:

French built a fort on the site of Memphis, and during most of the 18th century this site was held either by the French or the See also:

SPANISH

Spanish. In 1797 it passed into the possession of the United States. By a treaty of the 19th of See also:

OCTOBER

October 1818, negotiated by See also:

General Andrew Jackson and General See also:

ISAAC (Hebrew for " he laughs," on explanatory references to the name, see ABRAHAM)

Isaac Shelby, the See also:

CHICKASAWS

Chickasaws ceded all their claims See also:

east of the Mississippi, and See also:

early in 1819 Memphis was laid out in accordance with an agreement entered into by See also:

John Overton (1766–1833), Andrew Jackson and See also:

James See also:

Winchester (1752–1826), the proprietors of the See also:

LAND

land. Its name was suggested from the similarity of its situation on the Mississippi to that ofthe See also:

EGYPTIAN

Egyptian city on the See also:

Nile. Memphis was incorporated as a See also:

TOWN

town in 1827, and in 1849 was chartered as a city.

Near Memphis, on the 6th of See also:

JUNE

June 1862, a Union See also:

FLEET

fleet of 9 vessels and 68 guns, under See also:

COMMANDER

Commander See also:

Charles See also:

Henry See also:

Davis (1807–77), defeated a Confederate fleet of 8 vessels and 28 guns under Commander J. E. See also:

Montgomery after a contest of little more than one See also:

HOUR

hour, three of the Confederate vessels being destroyed and four of them captured, and from this victory until the See also:

close of the See also:

war the city was in possession of the Union forces. In See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1864, however, a Confederate force under General N. B. See also:

Forrest raided it and captured several See also:

HUNDRED

hundred prisoners. The decrease of See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population between 1870 and x88o was due to the ravages of yellow feverin 1873, 1878 and 1879. The epidemic of 1873 resulted in over two thousand deaths, and that of 1878 in a total of 5150, of whom 4250 were whites and 900 negroes. At the return of the See also:

FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever in 1879 better care and strict See also:

QUARANTINE (Fr. quarantaine, a period of forty days 1)

quarantine arrangements prevailed, but there were 497 deaths. During the epidemics of 1878 and 1879 fully two-thirds of the population fled from the city, many of whom died of the fever at other places, and a still larger number did not return. For three months during each See also:

YEAR

year business was suspended, and all See also:

INGRESS (Lat. ingresses, going in)

ingress or See also:

EGRESS (Lat. egressus, going out)

egress except for the most necessary purposes was forbidden. The city was See also:

LEFT

left almost bankrupt, and as a means of See also:

RELIEF

relief the legislature of the state in See also:

JANUARY

January 1879 repealed the city's See also:

CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter, and, assuming exclusive See also:

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of its See also:

taxation and finances, constituted it simply a " taxing See also:

DISTRICT

district," placing its government in the hands of a " legislative See also:

COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council." This anomalous proceeding was declared constitutional by the supreme court of Tennessee.

Subsequently the streets were cleansed and repaved, an improved See also:

SEWER

sewer See also:

SYSTEM

system was put in operation, and the water See also:

SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply was obtained from artesian wells. In 1891 a new city charter was obtained, and in 1907 the " See also:

Houston See also:

plan " (see HOUSTON, See also:

TEXAS

TEXAS) was adopted for Memphis by the state legislature. The See also:

ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act, however, was declared unconstitutional by the state supreme court, on the ground that it would force elected See also:

OFFICERS

officers out of See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office before the expiration of their constitutional terms; and in 1909 a new charter on the Houston plan was adopted by the legislature, to become effective on the 1st of January 1910, providing for a government by five commissioners, each having See also:

charge of a See also:

SEPARATE

separate See also:

DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department. See J. M. Keating, See also:

HISTORY

History of the City of Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee (See also:

Syracuse, 1888) ; James Phelan, History of Tennessee (See also:

Boston, 1889).

End of Article: MEMPHIS

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