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OROSIUS, PAULUS (fl. 415)

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Originally appearing in Volume V20, Page 327 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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OROSIUS, See also:PAULUS (fl. 415) , historian and theologian, was See also:born in See also:Spain (possibly at See also:Braga in See also:Galicia) towards the See also:close of the 4th See also:century. Having entered the See also:Christian priesthood, he naturally took an See also:interest in the Priscillianist controversy then going on in his native See also:country, and it may have been in connexion with this that he went to consult See also:Augustine at See also:Hippo in 413 or 414. After staying for some See also:time in See also:Africa as the See also:disciple of Augustine, he was sent by him in 415 to See also:Palestine with a See also:letter of introduction to See also:Jerome, then at See also:Bethlehem. Theostensible purpose of his See also:mission (apart, of course, from those of See also:pilgrimage and perhaps relic-See also:hunting) was that he might gain further instruction from Jerome on the points raised by the Priscillianists and Origenists; but in reality, it would seem, his business was to stir up and assist Jerome and others against See also:Pelagius, who, since the See also:synod of See also:Carthage in 411, had been living in Palestine, and finding some See also:acceptance there. The result of his arrival was that See also:John, See also:bishop of See also:Jerusalem, was induced to summon at his See also:capital in See also:June 415 a synod at which Orosius communicated the decisions of Carthage and read such of Augustine's writings against Pelagius as had at that time appeared. Success, however, was scarcely to be hoped for amongst Orientals who did not understand Latin, and whose sense of reverence was unshocked by the question of Pelagius, et quis est mihi Augustinus? All that Orosius succeeded in obtaining was John's consent to send letters and deputies to See also:Innocent of See also:Rome; and, after having waited See also:long enough to learn the unfavourable decision of the synod of Diospolis or Lydda in See also:December of the same See also:year, he returned to See also:north Africa, where he is believed to have died. According to Gennadius he carried with him recently discovered See also:relics of the protomartyr See also:Stephen from Palestine to See also:Minorca, where they were efficacious in converting the See also:Jews. The earliest See also:work of Orosius, Consultatio sive commonitorium ad Augustinum de errore Priscillianistarum et Origenistarum, explains its See also:object by its See also:title; it was written soon after his arrival in Africa, and is usually printed in the See also:works of Augustine along with the reply of the latter, Contra Priscillianistas et Origenistas fiber [ad Orosium. His next See also:treatise, See also:Liber apologeticus de arbitrii libertate, was written during his stay in Palestine, and in connexion with the controversy which engaged him there. It is a keen but not always See also:fair See also:criticism of the Pelagian position from that of Augustine.

The Historiae adversum Paganos was undertaken at the See also:

suggestion of Augustine, to whom it is dedicated. When Augustine proposed this task he had already planned and made some progress with his own De civitate Dei; it is the same See also:argument that is elaborated by his disciple, namely, the See also:evidence from See also:history that the circumstances of the See also:world had not really become worse since the introduction of See also:Christianity. The work, which is thus a pragmatical See also:chronicle of the calamities that have happened to mankind from the fall down to the See also:Gothic See also:period, has little accuracy or learning, and even less of See also:literary See also:charm to commend it; but it was the first See also:attempt to write the history of the world as a history of See also:God guiding humanity. Its purpose gave it value in the eyes of the orthodox, and the Hormesta, Ormesta, or Ormista as it was called, no one knows why (from Or[osii] M[undi] Hist[See also:oria] or from de miseria mundi? see Morner, p. 18o, for See also:list of guesses), speedily attained a wide popularity. Nearly two See also:hundred See also:MSS. of it have survived. A See also:free abridged See also:translation by See also:King See also:Alfred is still extant (Old See also:English See also:text, with See also:original in Latin, edited by H. Sweet, 1883). The editio princeps of the original appeared at See also:Augsburg (1471); that of Haverkamp (See also:Leiden, 1738 and 1767) has now been superseded byy C. Zangemeister, who has edited the Hist. and also the See also:Lib. apol. in vol. v. of the Corp. scr. eccl. See also:Lat. (See also:Vienna, 1882), as well as an edit. See also:min.

(See also:

Leipzig, Teubner, 1889). The " See also:sources " made use of by Orosius have been investigated by T. de Morner (De Oroosi vita ejusque hilt. libr. vii. adversus Paganos, 1844) ; besides the Old and New Testaments, he appears to have consulted See also:Caesar, See also:Livy, See also:Justin, See also:Tacitus, Suetonius, Floras and a cosmography, attaching also See also:great value to Jerome's translation of the See also:Chronicles of See also:Eusebius.

End of Article: OROSIUS, PAULUS (fl. 415)

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