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SERJEANTY . See also:Tenure by serjeanty was a See also:form of See also:land-holding under the feudal See also:system, intermediate between tenure by See also:knight-service (q.v.) and tenure in See also:socage. It originated in the assignation of an See also:estate in land on See also:condition of the performance of a certain See also:duty, which can hardly be described more exactly than as not being that of knight-service. Its essence, according to See also:Pollock and See also:Maitland, might be described as " servantship," the See also:discharge of duties in the See also:household of See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king or See also:noble; but it ranged from service in the king's See also:host, distinguished only by equipment from that of the knight, to See also:petty
1 The See also:parvis was the See also:porch of old St See also:Paul's, where each See also:serjeant had his particular See also:pillar at which he held interviews with his clients.
renders scarcely distinguishable from those of the See also:rent-paying See also:tenant or socager. Serjeanties, as See also:Miss See also:Bateson has expressed it, " were neither always military nor always agricultural, but might approach very closely the service of knights or the service of farmers. . . . The serjeanty of holding the king's See also:head when he made a rough passage across the Channel, of pulling a rope when his See also:vessel landed, of counting his chessmen on See also:Christmas See also:day, of bringing See also:fuel to his See also:castle, of doing his See also:carpentry, of finding his potherbs, of See also:forging his irons for his ploughs, of tending his See also:garden, of See also:nursing the hounds gored and injured in the See also:hunt, of serving as veterinary to his sick falcons, such and many others might be the ceremonial or See also:menial services due from a given serjeanty." The many varieties of serjeanty were afterwards increased by lawyers classing for convenience under this head such duties as those of escort service to the See also:abbess of See also:Barking, or of military service on the Welsh border by the men of Archenfield.
Serjeants (servientes) are already entered as a distinct class in Domesday See also:Book (io86), though not in all cases differentiated from the barons, who -held by knight-service. Sometimes, as in the See also:case of three See also:Hampshire serjeanties—those of acting as king's See also:marshal, of finding an See also:archer for his service, and of keeping the See also:gaol in See also:Winchester Castle—the tenure can be definitely traced as far back as Domesday. It is probable, however, that many supposed tenures by serjeanty were not really such, although so described in returns, in inquests after See also:death, and other records. The simplest legal test of the tenure was that serjeants, though liable to the feudal exactions of wardship, &c., were not liable to See also:scutage; they made in See also:place of this exaction See also:special See also:composition with the See also:crown.
The germ of the later distinction between " See also:grand " and " petty " serjeanty is found in the See also:Great See also:Charter (1215), the king there renouncing the right of See also:prerogative wardship in the case of those who held of him by the render of small articles. The legal See also:doctrine that serjeanties were (a) inalienable, (b) impartible, led to the " arrentation," under See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry III., of serjeanties the lands of which had been partly alienated, and which were converted into socage tenures, or, in some cases, tenures by knight-service. Gradually the gulf widened, and " petty " serjeanties, consisting of renders,' together with serjeanties held of See also:mesne lords, sank into socage, while "grand" serjeanties, the holders of which performed their service in See also:person, became alone liable to the See also:burden of wardship and See also:marriage. In See also:Littleton's Tenures this distinction appears as well defined, but the development was one of legal theory.
When the military tenure of knight-service was abolished at the Restoration (by 12 See also:Charles II., cap. 24), that of grand serjeanty was retained, doubtless on See also:account of its honorary See also:character, it being then limited in practice to the performance of certain duties at coronations, the discharge of which as a right has always been coveted, and the earliest See also:record of which is that of See also:Queen Eleanor's See also:coronation in 1236. The most conspicuous are those of See also:champion, appurtenant to the Dymokes' See also:manor of Scrivelsby, and of supporting the king's right See also:arm, appurtenant to that of See also:Worksop. The latter duty was performed at the coronation of King See also:Edward VII. (1902).
The meaning of serjeant as a household officer is still preserved in the king's serjeants-at-arms, serjeant-surgeons and serjeanttrumpeter. The See also:horse and See also:foot serjeants (servientes) of the king's host in the 12th See also:century, who ranked after the knights and were more lightly armed, were unconnected with tenure.
The best See also:summary of tenure by serjeanty is in Pollock and Maitland's See also:History of See also:English See also:Law; McKechnie's Magna Carta (1905) should also be consulted; and for Domesday the See also:Victoria History of Hampshire, vol. i. The best See also:list of serjeanties is in the Red Book of the See also:Exchequer (" Rolls " See also:series), but the Testa de Nevill (Record See also:Commission) contains the most valuable records concerning them. See also:Blount's Tenures is useful, but its See also:modern See also:editions very uncritical. See also:Wollaston's Coronation Claims is the best authority on its subject.
(J. H.
End of Article: SERJEANTY
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