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See also:TIGNES, See also:MARQUIS AND Duc DE See also:VILLARS AND VICOMTE DE See also:MELUN
(1653-1734), See also:marshal of See also:France, one of the greatest generals of See also:French See also:history, was See also:born at See also:Moulins on the 8th of May 1653, and entered the See also:army through the See also:corps of pages in 1671. He
served in the See also:light See also:cavalry in the Dutch See also:wars, and distinguished himself by his daring and resourcefulness. But in spite of a See also:long See also:record of excellent service under See also:Turenne, See also:Conde and Luxembourg, and of his aristocratic See also:birth, his promotion was but slow, for he had incurred the enmity of the powerful See also:Louvois, and although he had been proprietary See also:colonel (mestre de See also:camp) of a cavalry See also:regiment since 1674, thirteen years elapsed before he was made a marechal de camp. In the See also:interval between the Dutch wars and the formation of the See also:League of See also:Augsburg, Villars, who combined with his military gifts the tact and subtlety of the diplomatist, was employed in an unofficial See also:mission to the See also:court of See also:Bavaria, and there became the See also:constant See also:companion of the elector, with whom he took the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field against the See also:Turks and fought at See also:Mohacs. He returned to France in 1690 and was given a command in the cavalry of the army in See also:Flanders, but towards the end of the See also:Grand See also:Alliance See also:War he went to See also:Vienna as See also:ambassador. His See also:part in the next war (see See also:SPANISH See also:SUCCESSION WAR), beginning with Friedlingen (1702) and Hochstett (1703) and ending with See also:Denain (1712), has made him immortal. For Friedlingen he received the marshalate, and for the pacification of the insurgent See also:Cevennes the See also:Saint-Esprit See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order and the See also:title of See also:duke. Friedlingen and Hochstett were barren victories, and the See also:campaigns of which they formed part records of lost opportunities. Villars's See also:glory thus begins with the See also:year 1709 when France, apparently help-less, was roused to a See also:great effort of self-See also:defence by the exorbitant demands of the See also:Coalition. In that year he was called to command the See also:main army opposing See also:Eugene and See also:Marlborough on the See also:northern frontier. During the See also:famine of the See also:winter he shared the soldiers' miserable rations. When the See also:campaign opened the old Marshal Boufliers volunteered to serve under him, and after the terrible See also:battle of See also:Malplaquet (q.v.), in which he was gravely wounded, he was able to tell the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king: " If it please See also:God to give your See also:majesty's enemies another such victory, they are ruined." Two more campaigns passed without a battle and with scarcely any advance on the part of the invaders, but at last Marlborough manoeuvred Villars out of the famous Ne plus ultra lines, and the See also:power of the defence seemed to be broken. But See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis made a last effort, the See also:English contingent and its great See also:leader were withdrawn from the enemy's camp, and Villars, though still suffering from his Malplaquet wounds, outmanceuvred and decisively defeated Eugene in the battle of Denain. This victory saved France, though the war dragged on for another year on the See also:Rhine, where Villars took See also:Landau, led the stormers at See also:Freiburg and negotiated the See also:peace of See also:Rastatt with See also:Prince Eugene.
He played a conspicuous part in the politics of the Regency See also:period as the See also:principal opponent of See also:Cardinal See also:Dubois, and only the memories of See also:Montmorency's See also:rebellion prevented his being made See also:- CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
- CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
- CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
- CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
- CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)
constable of France. He took the field for the last See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time in the War of the See also:Polish Succession (1734), with the title " marshal-See also:general of the king's armies," that Turenne alone had held before him. But he was now over eighty years of See also:age, and the war was more See also:diplomatic than See also:earnest, and after opening the campaign with all the See also:fire and restless See also:energy of his youth he died at See also:Turin on the 17th of See also:June 1734.
Villars's See also:memoirs show us a " fanfaron plein d'honneur," as See also:Voltaire calls him. He was indeed boastful, with the gasconading See also:habit of his native See also:province, and also covetous of honours and See also:wealth. But he was an See also:honourable See also:man of high courage, moral and See also:physical, and a soldier who stands above all his contemporaries and successors in the 18th See also:century, on the same height as Marlborough and See also:Frederick.
The memoirs, part of which was published in 1734 and afterwards several times republished in untrustworthy versions, were for the first time completely edited by the Marquis de See also:Vogue in 1884-92.
End of Article: TIGNES, MARQUIS AND
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