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See also:DUBOIS, See also:GUILLAUME (1656–1723) , See also:French See also:cardinal and statesman, was See also:born at See also:Brive, in See also:Limousin, on the 6th of See also:September 1656. He was, according to his enemies, the son of an See also:apothecary, his See also:father being in fact a See also:doctor of See also:medicine of respectable See also:family, who kept a small See also:drug See also:store as See also:part of the necessary outfit of a See also:country practitioner. He was educated at the school of the See also:Brothers of the See also:Christian See also:Doctrine at Brive, where he received the See also:tonsure at the See also:age of thirteen. In 1672, having finished his See also:philosophy course, he was given a scholarship at the See also:college of St See also:Michel at See also:Paris by See also:Jean, See also:marquis de See also:Pompadour, See also:lieutenant-See also:general of the Limousin. The See also:head of the college, the See also:abbe See also:Antoine See also:Faure, who was from the same part of the country as himself, befriended the lad, and continued to do so for many years after he had finished his course, finding him pupils and ultimately obtaining for him the See also:post of See also:tutor to the See also:young See also:duke of See also:Chartres, afterwards the See also:regent duke of See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans. Astute, ambitious and unrestrained by See also:conscience, Dubois ingratiated himself with his See also:- PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)
pupil, and, while he gave him formal school lessons, at the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time pandered to his evil passions and encouraged him in their See also:indulgence. He gained the favour of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV. by bringing about the See also:marriage of his pupil with Mademoiselle de See also:Blois, a natural but legitimated daughter of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king; and for this service he was rewarded with the See also:gift of the See also:abbey of St Just in See also:Picardy. He was See also:present with his pupil at the See also:battle of Steinkirk, and " faced See also:fire," says See also:Marshal Luxembourg, " like a See also:grenadier." Sent to join the French See also:embassy in See also:London, he made himself so active that he was recalled by the See also:request of the See also:ambassador, who feared his intrigues. This, however, tended to raise his See also:credit with the king. When the duke of Orleans became regent (1715) Dubois, who had for some years acted as his secretary, was made councillor of See also:state, and the See also:chief See also:power passed gradually into his hands.
His policy was steadily directed towards maintaining: the See also:peace of See also:Utrecht, and this made him the See also:main opponent of the schemes of Cardinal See also:Alberoni for the aggrandizement of See also:Spain. To counteract Alberoni's intrigues, he suggested an See also:alliance with See also:England, and in the See also:face of See also:great difficulties succeeded in negotiating the Triple Alliance (1717). In 1719 he sent an See also:army into Spain, and forced See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip V. to dismiss Alberoni. Otherwise his policy remained that of peace. Dubois's success strengthened him against the See also:bitter opposition of a large See also:section of the See also:court. See also:Political honours did not satisfy him, however. The See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church offered the richest See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field for exploitation, and in spite of his dissolute See also:life he impudently prayed the regent to give him the archbishopric of Cambray, the,richest in See also:France. His demand was supported by See also:George I., and the regent yielded.
In one See also:day all the usual orders were conferred on him, and even the great preacher See also:Massillon consented to take part in the ceremonies. His next aim was the cardinalate, and, after See also:long and most profitable negotiations on the part of See also:Pope See also:Clement XI., the red See also:hat was given to him by See also:Innocent XIII. (1721), whose See also:election was largely due to the bribes of Dubois. It is estimated that this cardinalate cost France about; eight million francs. In the following See also:year he was named first See also:minister of France (See also:August). He was soon after received at the French See also:Academy; and, to the disgrace of the French See also:clergy, he was named See also:president of their See also:assembly.
When Louis XV. attained his See also:majority in 1723 Dubois remained chief minister. He had accumulated an immense private See also:fortune, possessing in addition to his see the revenues of seven abbeys. He was, however, a See also:prey to the most terrible pains of See also:body and agony of mind. His See also:health was ruined by his debaucheries, and a surgical operation became necessary. This was almost immediately followed by his See also:death, at See also:Versailles, on the loth of August 1723. His portrait was thus See also:drawn by the duc de St See also:Simon:—" He was a little, pitiful, wizened, See also:herring-gutted See also:man, in a flaxen See also:wig, with a See also:weasel's face, brightened by some See also:intellect. All the vices—perfidy, avarice, debauchery, ambition, flattery—fought within him for the mastery. He was so consummate a liar that, when taken in the fact, he could brazenly deny it. Even his wit and knowledge of the See also:world were spoiled, and his affected gaiety was touched with sadness, by the odour of falsehood which escaped through every See also:pore of his body." This famous picture is certainly biassed. Dubois was unscrupulous, but so were his contemporaries, and whatever vices he had, he gave France peace -after the disastrous See also:wars of Louis XIV.
In 1789 appeared See also:Vie privee du Cardinal Dubois, attributed to one of his secretaries, Mongez; and in 1815 his Memoires secrets et corres ondance indite, edited by L. de Sevelinges. See also A. See also:Cheruel, aint-Simon et See also:rabbi Dubois; L. Wiesener, Le Regent, l'abbe Dubois et See also:les Anglais (1891); and See also:memoirs of the time.
End of Article: DUBOIS, GUILLAUME (1656–1723)
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