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WILLIAM II

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 675 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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WILLIAM II . (1626-165o), See also:prince of See also:Orange, See also:born at The See also:Hague on the 27th of May 1626, was the son of See also:Frederick See also:Henry, prince of Orange, and his wife Amalia von Solms, and See also:grandson of William the Silent. By the See also:act of survivance passed in 1631 the offices and dignities held by Frederick Henry were made hereditary in his See also:family. On the 12th of May 1641 William married, in the royal See also:chapel at See also:Whitehall, See also:Mary, princess royal of See also:England, eldest daughter of See also:King See also:Charles I. At the See also:time of the See also:wedding the bridegroom was not yet fifteen years old, the See also:bride was five years younger. William from his See also:early youth accompanied his See also:father in his See also:campaigns, and already in 1643 highly distinguished himself in a brilliant See also:cavalry fight at Burgerhout (See also:September 5). On the See also:death of Frederick Henry William succeeded him, not only in the family honours and possessions, but in accordance with the terms of the act of survivance in all his See also:official posts, as See also:stadtholder of See also:Holland, See also:Zeeland, See also:Utrecht, See also:Gelderland, Overyssel and See also:Groningen and See also:captain-See also:general and See also:admiral-general of the See also:Union. At the moment of his See also:accession to See also:power the negotiations for a See also:separate treaty of See also:peace with See also:Spain were ahnost concluded, and peace was actually signed at See also:Munster on the 30th of See also:January 1648. By this treaty Spain recognized the See also:independence of the See also:United See also:Netherlands and made large concessions to the Dutch. William, who had always been bitterly opposed to the policy of abandoning the See also:French See also:alliance in See also:order to gain better terms from Spain, did his utmost to prevent the ratification, but matters were too far advanced for his interposition to prevail in the See also:face of the determination of the states of Holland to conclude a peace so advantageous to their See also:trade interests. William, however, speedily opened See also:secret negotiations with See also:France in the See also:hope of securing the armed assistance of that power for the carrying out of his ambitious projects of a See also:war of aggrandisement against the See also:Spanish Netherlands and of a restoration of his See also:brother-in-See also:law, Charles 1I., to the See also:throne of England. The states of Holland, on the other See also:hand, were determined to thwart any attempts for a renewal of war, and insisted, in See also:defiance of the authority of the captain-general supported by the states-general, in virtue of their claim to be a See also:sovereign See also:province, in disbanding a large See also:part of the regiments in their pay.

A prolonged controversy arose, which ended in the states-general in See also:

June 165o commissioning the prince of Orange to visit the towns of Holland and secure a recognition of their authority. The See also:mission was unsuccessful. See also:Amsterdam refused any See also:hearing at all. William resolved therefore to use force and crush resistance. On the 3oth of See also:July six leading members of the states of Holland were seized and imprisoned in the See also:castle of Loevestein. On the same See also:day an See also:attempt was made to occupy Amsterdam with troops. The citizens were, however, warned in time, and the See also:gates closed. William's See also:triumph was nevertheless See also:complete. Cowed by the bold seizure of their leaders, the states of Holland submitted. The prince had now obtained that position of supremacy in the See also:republic at which he had been aiming, and could See also:count on the support alike of the states-general and of the provincial states for his policy. He lost no time in entering into fresh negotiations with the French See also:government, and a draft treaty was already early in See also:October See also:drawn up in See also:Paris and the Count d'See also:Estrades was commissioned to deliver it in See also:person to the prince of Orange. It was, however. never to reach his hands.

William had, on the 8th of October, after his victory was assured, gone to his See also:

hunting seat at Dieren. Here on the 27th he became See also:ill and returned to The Hague. The complaint proved to be small-pox, and on the 6th of See also:November he died. William was one of the ablest of a See also:race See also:rich in See also:great men, and had he lived he would probably have See also:left his See also:mark upon See also:history. A See also:week after his death his widow gave See also:birth to a son, who was one day to become William III., king of England. (G.

End of Article: WILLIAM II

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