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See also:ALBERT I . (c. 1250-1308), See also:German See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, and See also:duke of See also:Austria, eldest son of King See also:Rudolph I., the founder of the greatness of the See also:house of See also:Habsburg, was invested with the duchies of Austria and See also:Styria, together with his See also:brother Rudolph, in 1282. In 1283 his See also:father entrusted him with their See also:sole See also:government, and he appears to have ruled them with conspicuous success. Rudolph was unable to secure the See also:succession to the German See also:throne for his son, and on his See also:death in 1291, the princes, fearing Albert's See also:power, See also:chose Adolph of See also:Nassau as king. A rising among his Swabian dependants compelled Albert to recognize the See also:sovereignty of his See also:rival, and to confine himself to the government of the Habsburg territories. He did not abandon his hopes of the' throne, and, in 1298, was chosen German king by some of the princes, who were dissatisfied with Adolph. The armies of the rival See also:kings met at Gollheim near See also:Worms, where Adolph was defeated and slain, and Albert submitted to a fresh See also:election. Having secured the support of several influential princes by extensive promises, he was chosen at See also:Frankfort on the 27th of See also:July 1298, and crowned at See also:Aix-la-Chapelle on the 24th of See also:August following. Albert sought to See also:play an important See also:part in See also:European affairs. He seemed at first inclined to See also:press a See also:quarrel with See also:France over the Burgundian frontier, but the refusal of See also:Pope See also:Boniface VIII. to recognize his election led him to See also:change his policy, and, in 1299, a treaty was made between Albert and See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip IV., king of France, by which Rudolph, the son of the German king, was to marry See also:Blanche, a daughter of the See also:French king. He afterwards became estranged from Philip, and, in 1303, was recognized as German king and future See also:emperor by Boniface, and, in return, admitted the right of the pope alone to bestow the imperial See also:crown, and promised that none of his sons should be elected German king without the papal consent. Albert had failed in his See also:attempt to seize See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland and See also:Zealand, as vacant fiefs of the See also:Empire, on the death of See also:Count See also:John I. in 1299, but in 1306 he secured the crown of Bohemia for his son Rudolph on the death of King See also:Wenceslaus III. He also renewed the claim which had been made by his predecessor, Adolf, on Thuringia, and interfered in a quarrel over the succession to the Hungarian throne. His attack on Thuringia ended in his defeat at Lucka in 1307, and, in the same See also:year, the death of his son Rudolph weakened his position in eastern See also:Europe. His See also:action in abolishing all tolls established on the See also:Rhine since 1250, led to the formation of a See also:league against him by the Rhenish archbishops and the count See also:palatine of the Rhine; but aided by the towns, he soon crushed the rising. He was on the way to suppress a revolt in See also:Swabia when he was murdered on the 1st of May 1308, at Windisch on the See also:Reuss, by his See also:nephew John, afterwards called " the See also:Parricide," whom he had deprived of his See also:inheritance. Albert married See also:Elizabeth, daughter of Meinhard IV.,count of See also:Gorz and See also:Tirol, who See also:bore him six sons and five daughters. Although a hard, stern See also:man, he had a keen sense of See also:justice when his selfish interests were not involved, and few of the German kings possessed so See also:practical an intelligence. He encouraged the cities, and not content with issuing proclamations against private See also:war, formed alliances with the princes in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to enforce his decrees. The See also:serfs, whose wrongs seldom attracted See also:notice in an See also:age indifferent to the claims of See also:common humanity, found a friend in this severe monarch, and he protected even the-despised and persecuted See also:Jews. The stories of his See also:cruelty and oppression in the Swiss cantons first appear in the 16th See also:century, and are now regarded as legendary.
See G. See also:Droysen, Albrechts I. Bemuhungen um See also:die Nachfolge See also:im Reich (See also:Leipzig, 1862); J. F. A. Mueke, Albrecht I. von Habsburg (See also:Gotha, 1866); A. L. J. Michelsen, Die Landgrafschaft Thuringen unter den Konigen Adolf, Albrecht, and Heinrich VII. (See also:Jena, 186o).
End of Article: ALBERT I
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