|
See also:CARACCIOLO, See also:FRANCESCO, See also:PRINCE (1732-1799) , Neapolitan See also:admiral and revolutionist, was See also:born on the 18th of See also:January 1732, of a See also:noble Neapolitan See also:family. He entered the See also:navy and learned his See also:seamanship under See also:Rodney. He fought with distinction in the See also:British service in the See also:American See also:War of See also:Independence, against the See also:Barbary pirates, and against the See also:French at See also:Toulon under See also:Lord See also:Hotham. The Bourbons placed the greatest, confidence in his skill. When on the approach of the French to See also:Naples See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:Ferdinand IV. and See also:Queen See also:Mary See also:Caroline fled to See also:Sicily on See also:board See also:Nelson's See also:ship the " Vanguard " (See also:December 1798), Caracciolo escorted them on the See also:frigate " Sannita." He was the only prominent Neapolitan trusted by the king, but even the admiral's See also:loyalty was shaken by Ferdinand's cowardly See also:flight. On reaching See also:Palermo Caracciolo asked permission to return to Naples to look after his own private affairs (January 1799). This was granted, but when he arrived at Naples he found all the See also:aristocracy and educated See also:middle classes infatuated with the French revolutionary ideas, and he himself was received with See also:great See also:enthusiasm. He seems at first to have intended to live a retired See also:life; but, finding that he must either join the Republican party or See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape to See also:Procida, then in the hands of the See also:English, in which See also:case even his intimates would regard him as a traitor and his See also:property would have been confiscated, he was induced to adhere to the new See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of things and took command of the See also:republic's See also:naval forces. Once at See also:sea, he fought actively against the British and Neapolitan squadrons and prevented the landing of some Royalist bands. A few days later all the French troops in Naples, except 500 men, were recalled to the See also:north of See also:Italy.
Caracciolo then attacked Admiral Thurn, who from the " See also:Minerva " commanded the Royalist See also:fleet, and did some damage to that See also:vessel. But the British fleet on the one See also:hand and See also:Cardinal Fabrizio See also:Ruffo's See also:army on the other made resistance impossible. The Republicans and the 500 French had retired to the castles, and Caracciolo landed and tried to escape in disguise. But he was betrayed and arrested by a Royalist officer, who on the 29th of See also:June brought him in chains on board Nelson's See also:flagship the " Foudroyant." It is doubtful whether Caracciolo should have been included in the See also:capitulation concluded with the Republicans in the castles, as that document promised life and See also:liberty to those who surrendered before the See also:blockade of the forts, whereas he was arrested afterwards, but as the whole capitulation was violated the point is immaterial. Moreover, the admiral's See also:fate was decided even before his See also:capture, because on the 27th of June the British See also:minister, See also:Sir W. See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton, had communicated to Nelson Queen Mary Caroline's wish that Caracciolo should he hanged. As soon as he was brought on board, Nelson ordered Thurn to summon a See also:court See also:martial composed of Caracciolo's former See also:officers, Thurn himself being a See also:personal enemy of the accused. The court was held on board the " Foudroyant," which was British territory—a most indefensible proceeding. Caracciolo was charged with high See also:treason; he had asked to be judged by British officers, which was refused, nor was he allowed to summon witnesses in his See also:defence. He was condemned to See also:death by three votes to two, and as soon as the See also:sentence was communicated to Nelson the latter ordered that he should be hanged at the yard-See also:arm of the " Minerva " the next See also:morning, and his See also:body thrown into the sea at sundown: Even the customary twenty-four See also:hours' See also:respite for See also:confession was denied him, and his See also:request to be shot instead of hanged refused. The sentence was duly carried out on the 3oth of June 1799.
Caracciolo was technically a traitor to the king whose See also:uniform he had worn, but apart from the See also:wave of revolutionary enthusiasm which had spread all over the educated classes of Italy, and the fact that treason to a See also:government like that of the Neapolitan Bourbons could hardly be regarded as a See also:crime, there was no See also:necessity for Nelson to make himself the executor of the revenge of Ferdinand and Mary Caroline. His greatest offence, as See also:Captain See also:Mahan remarks (Life of Nelson, i. 440), was
committed against his own See also:country by sacrificing his inalienable See also:character as the representative of the king of Great See also:Britain to his secondary and artificial character as delegate of the king of Naples. The only explanation of Nelson's conduct is to be found in his infatuation for See also:Lady Hamilton, whose See also:low ambition made her use her See also:influence over him in the See also:interest of Queen Mary Caroline's See also:malignant spite.
End of Article: CARACCIOLO, FRANCESCO, PRINCE (1732-1799)
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!