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DULUTH , a See also:city and the See also:county-seat of St See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis county, See also:Minnesota, U.S.A., at the W. end of See also:Lake See also:Superior, at the mouth of the St Louis See also:river, about 150 M. N.E. of Minneapolis and St See also:Paul. Pop. (1880) 3483; (1890) 33,115; (1900) 52,969, of whom 20,983 were See also:foreign-See also:born and 357 were negroes; (1910 See also:census) 78,466. Of the 20,983 foreign-born in 1900, 5099 were See also:English-Canadians, 5047 Swedes, 2655 Norwegians, 1685 Germans, and 1285 See also:French-Canadians. Duluth is served by the Duluth and See also:Iron Range, the Duluth, Missabe & See also:Northern, the Duluth, See also:South See also:Shore & See also:Atlantic, the See also:Chicago & See also:North-Western (the North-Western See also:line), the See also:Great Northern, and the Northern Pacific See also:railways. Situated attractively on the See also:side and along the See also:base of a high See also:bluff rising 60o ft. above the lake level, Duluth lies at the W. end of Superior See also:Bay (here called Duluth See also:Harbour), directly opposite the city of Superior, See also:Wisconsin. A narrow See also:strip of See also:land known as Minnesota Point, 7 M. in length and extending toward Wisconsin Point, which projects from the Wisconsin shore, separates the bay from the lake and forms653
with St Louis Bay one of the finest natural harbours in the See also:world. The natural entrance to the harbour is the narrow channel between the two points, but there is also a See also:ship-See also:canal across Minnesota Point, spanned by a curious aerial See also:bridge 400 ft. See also:long and 186 ft. above the See also:water.
The unusually favourable position for lake transportation, and the extensive tributary region in the N.W., with ample See also:rail connexions, make Duluth-Superior one of the greatest commercial ports in the See also:country. The two cities constitute the largest See also:coal-distributing centre in the N.W., and have some of the largest coal-docks in the world. Upwards of twenty See also:grain See also:elevators, with a See also:net capacity of nearly 35,000,000 bushels, which receive enormous quantities of grain from the Red River Valley, See also:Manitoba, and the Dakotas, either for See also:home manufacture or for transhipment to the See also:East, are among the noteworthy See also:sights of the See also:place; and extensive ore-docks are required for handling the enormous and steadily increasing shipments of iron ore from the See also:rich See also:Vermilion and Mesabi iron ranges first opened about 1890. In 1907 more than 29,000,000 tons of iron ore were shipped from this See also:port. Duluth is also an important See also:hay See also:market. There are See also:flour and See also:lumber See also:mills, foundries and See also:machine shops, wooden See also:ware, See also:cooperage, See also:sash, See also:door and See also:blind, See also:lath and See also:shingle factories, and shipyards. In 1909 great mills of the Minnesota See also:Steel Co. were begun here. In 1905 the factory product of Duluth was valued at $10,139,009, an increase of 29.8% over that of 1900. The St Louis river furnishes one of the finest water-See also:powers in the See also:United States.
The commanding heights upon which the See also:principal residential See also:section of the city is built render it at once attractive in See also:appearance and healthful; there is a See also:fine See also:system of parks and boulevards, the See also:chief of the former being Lester, Fairmount, See also:Portland, Cascade, See also:Lincoln and See also:Chester. The popular See also:Boulevard drive at the back of Duluth commands excellent views of city and lake. Among the principal buildings are the See also:court See also:house, the Masonic See also:temple, chamber of See also:commerce, See also:board of See also:trade, See also:Lyceum See also:theatre, Federal, See also:Providence, See also:Lonsdale, See also:Torrey, Alworth, Sellwood and Wolvin buildings, St. See also:Mary's See also:hospital, St. See also:Luke's hospital and See also:Spalding Hotel. There is a public (See also:Carnegie) library with 50,000 volumes in 1908. The See also:building of the central high school (classi-Cal), one of the finest in the United States, erected at acostof about $500,000, has a square See also:clock See also:tower 230 ft. high, and an auditorium seating 2000. The city also has a technical high school, and in addition to the See also:regular high school courses there are departments of business, See also:manual training and domestic See also:science. At Duluth also is a See also:state normal school, erected in 1902. The federal See also:government maintains here a See also:life-saving station on Minnesota Point, and an extensive See also:fish hatchery.
The first Europeans to visit the site of Duluth were probably French coureurs-See also:des-bois, possibly the adventurous Radisson and Groseilliers. The first visitor certainly known to have been here was See also:Daniel Greysolon, Sieur Du Lhut (d. 1709), a French trader and explorer, who about 1678 skirted Lake Superior and built a stockaded trading-See also:post at the mouth of See also:Pigeon river on the N. shore. From him the place received its name. A trading-post was established near the See also:present city, at Fond du See also:Lac, about 1752, and this eventually became a See also:depot of See also:Astor's See also:American See also:Fur See also:Company. There was no permanent See also:settlement at Duluth proper, however, until 1853, and in 186o there were only 8o inhabitants. Incorporated in 1870, in which See also:year railway connexion with the South was established, its growth was slow for some years, the increase for the See also:decade 1870-188o being very slight (from 3131 to 3483); but the See also:extension of railways into the north-western See also:wheat region, the opening up of Lake Superior to commerce, and finally the development of the Vermilion and Mesabi iron ranges, brought on a See also:period of almost unparalleled growth, marked by the remarkable increase in See also:population of more than 85o% between 188o and 1890; between 1890 and 1900 the increase was 6o%.
See J. R. See also:Carey, See also:History of Duluth and Northern Minnesota (Duluth, 1898) ; Leggett and Chipman, Duluth and its Environs (Duluth, 1895) ; and J. D. See also:Ensign, History of St Louis County (Duluth, 1900).
End of Article: DULUTH
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