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HITCHCOCK, ROSWELL DWIGHT (1817–1887)

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 534 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HITCHCOCK, ROSWELL See also:DWIGHT (1817–1887) , See also:American divine, was See also:born at See also:East Machias, See also:Maine, on the 1.5th of See also:August 1817, graduated at See also:Amherst See also:College in 1836, and later studied at See also:Andover Theological See also:Seminary, See also:Mass. After a visit to See also:Germany he was a See also:tutor at Amherst in 1839–1842, and was See also:minister of the First (Congregational) See also:Church, See also:Exeter, New See also:Hampshire, in 1845–1852. He became See also:professor of natural and revealed See also:religion in See also:Bowdoin College, See also:Brunswick, Maine, in 1852, and in 1855 professor of church See also:history in the See also:Union Theological Seminary in New See also:York, of which he was See also:president in 1880-1887. He died at See also:Somerset, Mass., on the 16th of See also:June 1887. Among his See also:works are: See also:Life of See also:Edward See also:Robinson (1863); See also:Socialism (1879); Carmina Sanctorum (with Z. Eddy and L. W. Mudge, 1885); and Eternal See also:Atonement (1888). See also:HITCHIN-See also:HITTITES 19th See also:century, to the See also:discovery of the important See also:part played in the Syrian See also:campaigns of Tethmosis (Thothmes) III. by the H–t8 (vulgarly transliterated Kheta, though the vocalization is ur<-certain). The coincidence of this name, beginning with an aspirate, led H. K. See also:Brugsch to identify the Kheta with Heth.

That See also:

identification stands, and no earlier See also:Egyptian mention of the See also:race has been found. Tethmosis III. found the Kheta (" See also:Great " and " Little ") in N. See also:Syria, not apparently at Kadesh, but at Carchemish, though they had not been in See also:possession of the latter See also:place See also:long (not in the See also:epoch of Tethmosis I.'s Syrian See also:campaign). They were a See also:power strong enough to give the See also:Pharaoh cause to vaunt his success (see also See also:EGYPT: See also:Ancient History, § " The New See also:Empire "). Though he says he levied See also:tribute upon them, his successors in the See also:dynasty nearly all See also:record fresh See also:wars with the Kheta who appear as the See also:northern-most of Pharaoh's enemies, and Amenophis or Amenhotep III. saw See also:fit to take to wife Gilukhipa, a Syrian princess, who may or may not have been a Hittite. This See also:queen is by some supposed to have introduced into Egypt certain See also:exotic ideas which blossomed in the reign of Amenophis IV. The first Pharaoh of the succeeding dynasty, See also:Rameses I., came to terms with a Kheta See also:king called Saplel or Saparura; but Seti I. again attacked the Kheta (1366 B.c.), who had apparently pushed southwards. Forced back by Seti, the Kheta returned and were found holding Kadesh by Rameses II., who, in his fifth See also:year, there fought against them and a large See also:body of See also:allies, See also:drawn probably in part from beyond See also:Taurus, the See also:battle which occasioned the monumental poem of Pentaur. After long struggles, a treaty was concluded in Rameses's twenty-first year, between Pharaoh and " Khetasar " (i.e. Kheta-king), of which we possess an Egyptian copy. The discovery of a See also:cuneiform tablet containing a copy of this same treaty, in the Babylonian See also:language, was reported from Boghaz Keui in See also:Cappadocia by H. Winckler in 1907.

It argues the Kheta a See also:

people of considerable See also:civilization. The Kheta king subsequently visited Pharaoh and gave him his daughter to wife. Rameses' successor, Mineptah, remained on terms with the Kheta folk; but in the reign of Rameses III. (Dyn. XX.) the latter seem to have joined in the great See also:raid of northern tribes on Egypt which was checked by the battle of See also:Pelusium. From this point (c. 1150 B.e.)—the point at which (roughly) the monarchic history of See also:Israel in See also:Palestine opens—Egyptian records cease to mention Kheta; and as we know from other See also:sources that the latter continued powerful in Carchemish for some centuries to come, we must presume that the rise of the Israelite See also:state inter-posed an effective See also:political barrier. 3. See also:Assyrian Records.—In an inscription of Tiglath Pileser I. (about rroo B.C.), first deciphered in 1857, a people called Khatti is mentioned as powerful in Girgamish on See also:Euphrates (i.e. Carchemish); and in other records of the same monarch, subsequently read, much mention is made of this and of other N. Syrian names.

These Khatti appear again in the See also:

inscriptions of See also:Assur-nazir-See also:pal (See also:early 9th century B.C.), in whose See also:time Carchemish was very wealthy, and the Khatti power extended far over N. Syria and even into See also:Mesopotamia. See also:Shalmaneser II. (d. 825 B.C.) raided the Khatti and their allies year after year; and at last See also:Sargon III., in 717 B.C., relates that he captured Carchemish and its king, Pisiris, and put an end to its See also:independence. We hear no more of it thenceforward. These Khatti, there is no reasonable doubt, are identical with Kheta. (For the See also:chronology see further under BABYLONIA AND See also:ASSYRIA.) 4. Other Cuneiform Records.—The name of the race appears in certain of the Tel-el-Amarna letters, tablets written in Babylonian script to Amenophis (Amenhotep) IV. and found in 1892 on the site of his See also:capital. Some of his See also:governors in Syrian districts (e.g. one Aziru of See also:Phoenicia) See also:report movements of the Hittites, who were then pursuing an aggressive policy (about 1400 B.O. There are also other letters from rulers of principalities in N. Syria (Mitanni) and E.

See also:

Asia See also:Minor (Arzawa), who write in non-Semitic See also:tongues and are supposed to have been Hittites: Certain Kltate or Khali are mentioned in the Vannic inscriptions (deciphered partially by A. H.

End of Article: HITCHCOCK, ROSWELL DWIGHT (1817–1887)

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