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MISSI DOMINICI , the name given to the officials commissioned by the Frankish See also:kings and emperors to supervise the See also:administration of their dominions. Their institution See also:dates from See also:Charles Martel and See also:Pippin the See also:Short, who sent out officials to see their orders executed. When Pippin became See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king in 754 he sent out missi in a desultory See also:fashion; but See also:Charlemagne made them a See also:regular See also:part of his administration, and a See also:capitulary issued about 8o2 gives a detailed See also:account of their duties. They were to execute See also:justice, to enforce respect for the royal rights, to See also:control the administration of the See also:counts, to receive the See also:oath of See also:allegiance, and to supervise the conduct and See also:work of the See also:clergy. They were to See also:call together the officials of the See also:district and explain to them their duties, and to remind the See also:people of their See also:civil and religious` obligations. In short they were the See also:direct representatives of the king or See also:emperor. The inhabitants of the district they administered had to provide for their subsistence, and at times they led the See also:host to See also:battle. In addition See also:special instructions were given to various missi, and many of these have been preserved. The districts placed under the missi, which it was their See also:duty to visit four times a See also:year, were called missatici or legationes. They were not permanent officials, but were generally selected from among persons at the See also:court, and during the reign of Charlemagne personages of high See also:standing undertook this work. They were sent out in twos, an ecclesiastic and a layman, and were generally See also:complete strangers to the district which they administered. In addition there were extraordinary missi who represented the emperor on special occasions, and at times beyond the limits of his dominions. Even under the strong See also:rule of Charlemagne it was difficult to find men to See also:discharge these duties impartially, and after his See also:death in 814 it became almost impossible. Under the emperor See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis I. the nobles interfered in the See also:appointment of the missi, who, selected from the district in which their duties See also:lay, were soon found watching their own interests rather than those of the central See also:power. Their duties became merged in the See also:ordinary work of the bishops and counts, and under the emperor Charles the Bald they took control of associations
1 The See also:history of the practice of elevating the host seems to have arisen out of the See also:custom of holding up the oblations, as mentioned in the Ordo See also:Romanus (see above). The See also:elevation of the host, as at See also:present practised, was first enjoined by See also:Pope See also:Honorius III. The use of the handbell at the elevation is still later, and was first made See also:general by See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory XI.
2 The See also:benediction is omitted in masses for the' dead.
The See also:reading of the passage from See also:John on days which had not a proper See also:gospel was first enjoined by See also:Pius V.for the preservation of the See also:peace. About the end of the 9th See also:century they disappeared from See also:France and See also:Germany, and during the loth century from See also:Italy. It is possible that the itinerant justices of the See also:English kings See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry I. and Henry II., the itinerant baillis of See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Augustus king of France, or the royal enqueteurs of St Louis originated from this source.
See G. See also:Waitz, Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte (See also:Kiel, 1844) ; E. See also:Bourgeois, Le Capitulaire de Kiersy-sur-See also:Oise (See also:Paris, 1885) ; V. See also:Krause, Geschichte See also:des Institutes der missi dominici in the Mittheilungen des Instituts far osterreichische Geschichtsforschung, See also:Band XI. (See also:Innsbruck, 188o). Dobbert, Uber das Wesen and den Geschditskreis der missi dominici (See also:Heidelberg, 1861); N. D. Fustel de Coulanges, Histoire des institutions politiques de l'ancienne France (Paris, 1889–189o) ; L. Beauchet, Histoire de l'organization judiciaire en France, epoque franque (Paris, 1865).
End of Article: MISSI DOMINICI
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