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See also:NASCIMENTO, FRANCISCO MANOEL DE (1734-1819) , Portuguese poet, better known by the See also:literary name of Filinto Elysio, bestowed on him by the Marqueza de Alorna, was the reputed son of a See also:Lisbon See also:boat-owner. In his See also:early years he acquired a love of See also:national customs and traditions which his humanist See also:education never obliterated, while, in addition, he learnt to know the whole range of popular literature (litteratura de cordel)—songs, comedies, knightly stories and See also:fairy tales, which were then printed in loose sheets (folhas volantes) and sold by the See also:blind in the streets of the See also:capital. These circumstances
explain the richness of his vocabulary, and joined to an ardent patriotism they fitted him to become the See also:herald of the literary revival known as Romanticism, which was inaugurated by his distinguished follower See also:Almeida See also:Garrett. Nascimento began to write verses at the See also:age of fourteen. He was ordained a See also:priest in 1754, and shortly afterwards became treasurer of the Chagas See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church in Lisbon. He led a retired See also:life, and devoted his See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time to the study of the Latin See also:classics, especially See also:Horace, and to the society of literary See also:friends, among whom were numbered some cultivated See also:foreign merchants. These men nourished the See also:common ambition to restore See also:Camoens, then See also:half forgotten, to his rightful See also:place as the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of the Portuguese See also:Parnassus, and they See also:pro-claimed the cult of the Quinhentistas, regarding them as the best poetical See also:models, while in See also:philosophy they accepted the teaching of the See also:French Encyclopaedists.
Nascimento's first publication was a version of one of See also:Metastasio's operas, and his early See also:work consisted mainly of See also:translations. Though of small See also:volume and merit, it sufficed to arouse the See also:jealousy of his See also:brother bards. At this time the See also:Arcadia was working to restore See also:good See also:taste and purify the See also:language of gallicisms, but the members of this society forgot the traditions of their own See also:land in their See also:desire to imitate the classics. Nascimento and other writers who did not belong to the Arcadia, formed themselves into a See also:rival See also:group, which met at the See also:Ribeira das Naos, and the two bodies attacked one another in See also:rhyme without See also:restraint, until the " See also:war of the poets," as it was called, ended with the collapse of the Arcadia. Nascimento now conceived a strong but platonic See also:affection for D. Maria de Almeida, afterwards Condessa da Ribeira, See also:sister of the famous poetess the Marqueza de Alorna. This See also:lady sang the chansonnettes he wrote for her, and their poetical intercourse See also:drew from him some lyrics of profound emotion. This was the happiest See also:epoch of his life, but it did not last See also:long. The See also:accession of D. Maria I. inaugurated an era of reaction against the spirit and reforms of See also:Pombal, and religious succeeded to See also:political intolerance. In See also:June 1778 Nascimento was denounced to the See also:Inquisition on the See also:charge of having given vent to heterodox opinions and read " the See also:works of See also:modern philosophers who follow natural See also:reason." The tribunal held a See also:secret inquiry, and without giving him an opportunity of See also:defence issued an See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order for his See also:arrest, which was to take place early in the See also:morning of the 14th of See also:July. He had received a warning, and succeeded in escaping to the See also:house of a French See also:merchant, Verdier, where he See also:lay hid for eleven days, at the end of which his friend the Marquez de Marialva put him on See also:board a French See also:ship which carried him to See also:Havre. Nascimento took up his See also:residence in See also:Paris, and his first years there passed pleasantly enough. Soon, however, his circumstances changed for the worse. He received the See also:news of the See also:confiscation of his See also:property by the Inquisition; and though he strove to support himself by teaching and See also:writing he could hardly make both ends meet. In 1792 his admirer See also:Antonio de Araujo, afterwards See also:Conde de See also:Barca, then Portuguese See also:minister to See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland, offered the poet the hospitality of his house at the See also:Hague, but neither the See also:country, the See also:people, nor the language were congenial, and when his See also:host went to Paris on a See also:diplomatic See also:mission in 1797 Nascimento accompanied him, and spent the See also:rest of his life in and near the French capital. He retained to the end an intense love of country, which made him wish to See also:die in See also:Portugal, and in 1796 a royal See also:decree permitting his return there and ordering the restoration of his goods was issued, but delays occurred in its See also:execution, and the See also:flight of the See also:court to the Brazils as a result of the French invasion finally dashed his hopes. Before this the Conde de Barca had obtained him a See also:commission from the Portuguese See also:government to translate the De See also:Rebus Emanuelis of See also:Osorio; the assistance of some See also:fellow-countrymen in Paris carried him through his last years, which were cheered by the friendship of his biographer and translator See also:Alexandre Sane and of the Lusophil See also:Ferdinand See also:Denis. Lamartine addressed an See also:ode to him; he enjoyed the esteem of See also:Chateaubriand; and his admirers at See also:home, who imitated him extensively, were called after him Os Filintistas. See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
Exile and suffering had enlarged his ideas and given him a senseof reality, making his best poems those he wrote between the ages of seventy and eighty-five, and when he passed away, it was recognized that Portugal had lost her foremost contemporary poet.
Garrett declared that Nascimento was See also:worth an See also:academy in himself by his knowledge of the language, adding that no poet since Camoens had rendered it such valuable services; but his truest See also:title to fame is that he brought literature once more into See also:touch with the life of the nation. By his life, as by his works, Nascimento links the 18th and 19th centuries, the Neo-Classical See also:period with Romanticism. See also:Wieland's See also:Oberon and Chateaubriand's Martyrs opened a new See also:world to him, and his contos or scenes of Portuguese life have a real romantic flavour; they are the most natural of his compositions, though his See also:noble patriotic odes—those " To See also:Neptune speaking to the Portuguese " and " To the See also:liberty and See also:independence of the See also:United States "—are the most quoted and admired. On leaving Portugal, he abandoned the use of rhyme as cramping freedom of thought and expression; nevertheless his highly polished verses are generally robust to hardness and overdone with archaisms. His translations from Latin, French and See also:Italian, are accurate though harsh, and his renderings of See also:Racine and the Fables of See also:Lafontaine entirely lack the simplicity and See also:- GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
- GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )
grace of the originals. But Nascimento's See also:blank See also:verse See also:translation of the Martyrs is in many ways See also:superior to Chateaubriand's See also:prose.
(E.
End of Article: NASCIMENTO, FRANCISCO MANOEL DE (1734-1819)
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