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QUEVEDO Y See also:VILLEGAS, FRANCISCO See also:GOMEZ DE (158o-1645) , See also:Spanish satirist and poet, was See also:born at See also:Madrid, where his See also:father, who came from the mountains of See also:Burgos, was secretary to See also:Anne of See also:Austria, See also:fourth wife of See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip II. See also:Early See also:left an See also:orphan, Quevedo was educated at the university of See also:Alcala, where he acquired a knowledge of classical and See also:modern See also:tongues —of See also:Italian and See also:French, See also:Hebrew and Arabic, of See also:philosophy, See also:theology, See also:civil See also:law, and See also:economics. His fame reached beyond See also:Spain; at twenty-one he was in See also:correspondence with Justus See also:Lipsius on questions of See also:Greek and Latin literature. His abstruse studies influenced Quevedo's See also:style; to them are due the pedantic traits and See also:mania for quotations which characterize most of his See also:works.
He betook himself to the See also:court and mingled with the society that surrounded Philip III. The cynical greed of ministers, the meanness of their flatterers, the corruption of the royal See also:officers, the See also:financial scandals, afforded ample See also:- SCOPE (through Ital. scopo, aim, purpose, intent, from Gr. o'KOaos, mark to shoot at, aim, o ic07reiv, to see, whence the termination in telescope, microscope, &c.)
scope to Quevedo's See also:- TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental
talent as a painter of See also:manners. At See also:Valladolid, where the court resided from 16o1 to 1606, he mingled freely with these intrigues and disorders, and lost the purity of his morals but not his uprightness and integrity. In 1611 he fought a See also:duel in which his adversary was killed, fled to See also:Italy, and later on became secretary to Pedro Tellez Gir6n, See also:duke de See also:Osuna, and See also:viceroy of See also:Naples. Thus he learned. politics—the one See also:science which he had perhaps till then neglected, initiated himself into the questions that divided See also:Europe, and penetrated the ambitions of the neighbours of Spain, as well as the See also:secret See also:history of the intriguers protected by the favour of Philip III. The result was that he wrote several See also:political works, particularly a lengthy See also:treatise, La Politica de Dios (1626), in which he See also:lays down the duties of See also:kings by displaying to them how See also:Christ has governed His See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church. The disgrace of Osuna (162o) compromised Quevedo, who was arrested and exiled to his See also:estate at La Torre de Juan Abad in New See also:Castile. Though involved in the See also:process against the duke, Quevedo remained faithful to his See also:patron, and See also:bore banishment with resignation. On the See also:death of Philip III. (31st of See also:March 1621) he recommended himself to the first See also:minister of the new See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king by celebrating his See also:accession to See also:power and saluting him as the vindicator of public morality in an See also:epistle in the style of See also:Juvenal. See also:Olivares recalled him from his See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile and gave him an honorary See also:post in the See also:palace, and from this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time Quevedo resided almost constantly at court, exercising a See also:kind of political and See also:literary See also:jurisdiction due to his varied relations and knowledge, but especially to his biting wit, which had no respect for persons. See also:General politics, social See also:economy, See also:war, See also:finance, literary and religious questions, all came under his dissecting See also:knife, and he had a dissertation, a pamphlet, or a See also:song for everything. One See also:day he is defending St See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James, the See also:sole patron of Spain, against a powerful coterie that wished to See also:associate St See also:Theresa with him; next day he is See also:writing against the duke of See also:Savoy, the hidden enemy of Spain, or against the See also:measures taken to See also:change the value of the currency; or once more he is engaged with the literary school of G6ngora, whose affectations seem to him to See also:sin against the See also:genius of the Castilian See also:tongue. And in the midst of this incessant controversy on every possible subject he finds time to compose a See also:picaresque See also:romance, the Historia de la See also:Vida del Buscon, Ilamado See also:Don Pablos, Exemplo de Vagamundos, y Espejo de Tacanos (1626); to write his Suenos (1627), in which all classes are flagellated; to See also:pen a dissertation on The Constancy and See also:Patience of See also:Job (1631), to translate St See also:Francis de Sales and See also:Seneca, to compose thousands of verses, and to correspond with Spanish and See also:foreign scholars.
But Quevedo was not to maintain unscathed the high position won by his knowledge, talent, and biting wit. The See also:government
of Olivares, which he had welcomed as the See also:dawn of a political and social regeneration, made things worse instead of better, and led the See also:country to ruin. Quevedo saw this and could not hold his See also:peace. An See also:anonymous See also:petition in See also:verse enumerating the grievances of his subjects was found, in See also:December 1639, under the very napkin of Philip IV. It was shown to Olivares, who exclaimed, " I am ruined "; but before his fall he sought vengeance on the libeller. His suspicions See also:fell on Quevedo, who had enemies glad to confirm them. Quevedo was arrested on December 7, and carried under a strong escort to the monastery of St See also:Mark at See also:Leon, where he was kept in rigorous confinement till the fall of the minister (See also:January 1643) restored him to See also:light and freedom, but not to the See also:health which he had lost in his See also:dungeon. He had little more than two years to live, and these were spent in inactive See also:retreat, first at La Torre de Juan Abad, and then at the neighbouring Villanueva de los Infantes, where he died See also:September 8, 1645.
As a satirist and humorist Quevedo stands in the first See also:rank of Spanish writers; his other literary See also:work does not See also:count for much. I. I. Chifflet, in a See also:letter of See also:February 2, 1629, calls him " a very learned See also:man to be a Spaniard," and indeed his erudition was of a solid kind, but he 'merits See also:attention not as humanist, philosopher, and moralist, but as the keen polemic writer, the pitiless mocker, the profound observer of all that is See also:base and absurd in human nature, and at the same time as a finished See also:master of style and of all the secrets of the-Spanish tongue. His style, indeed, is not absolutely pure; though he ridiculed so well the See also:bad See also:taste of culteranismo, he fell him-self into the style called conceptismo, which strains after ambiguous expressions and alembicated " points." But, though involved and overcharged with ideas, his diction is of singular force and originality; after Cervantes he is the greatest Spanish See also:prose writer of the 17th See also:century.
There is an excellent collected edition of Quevedo's prose works with 'a See also:good See also:life of the author by D. Aureliano See also:Fernandez-Guerra (Bib.. Ribadeneyra, vols. See also:xxiii. and xlviii.); his poetical works in vol. Ixix. of the same collection are badly edited by D. Florencio Janer. There is a second edition, enlarged and annotated by Senor Menendez y Pelayo. E. See also:Merimee, in Essai sur la See also:vie et See also:les reveres de Francisco de Quevedo (See also:Paris, 1886), has supplied an excellent See also:critical and See also:biographical monograph with a bibliography.
(J.
End of Article: QUEVEDO Y VILLEGAS, FRANCISCO GOMEZ DE (158o-1645)
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