|
See also:ROON, ALBRECHT THEODOR EMIL, See also:COUNT VON (18o3-1879) , Prussian See also:general See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field-See also:marshal, was See also:born at Pleushagen, near Colberg, in See also:Pomerania, on the 30th of See also:April 1803. His See also:family was of Flemish origin, and was settled in Pomerania. His See also:father, an officer of the Prussian See also:army, died in poverty during the See also:French occupation, and See also:young von Roon was brought up, in a See also:country ravaged in the See also:War of Liberation and in straitened circumstances, by his maternal grandmother. He entered the See also:corps of cadets at See also:Kulm in 1816, whence in 1818 he proceeded to the military school at See also:Berlin, and in See also:January 1821 received a See also:commission in the 14th (3rd Pomeranian) See also:regiment quartered at See also:Stargard in Pomerania. In 1824 he went through the three years' higher course of study at the war school in Berlin, where he also applied himself with the greatest See also:energy to improving his general See also:education. In 1826 he was transferred to the 15th regiment at See also:Minden, but in the same See also:year was appointed an instructor in the military See also:cadet school at Berlin, where he devoted himself especially to the subject of military See also:geography. He published in 1832 the well-known Principles of See also:Physical, See also:National and See also:Political Geography, in three volumes (Grundzuge der Erd-, Volker- and Staaten-Kunde), which gained him a See also:great reputation, and of which over 40,000 copies were sold in a few years. This See also:work was followed in 1834 by Elements of Geography (Anfa;tgsgriinde der Erdkunde), in 1837 by Military Geography of See also:Europe (Militarische Landerbeschreibung von See also:Europa), and in 1839 by The Iberian See also:Peninsula (See also:Die Iberische Halbinsel).
Meantime, in 1832, he rejoined his regiment, and was after-wards attached to the headquarters of General von Mtiflling's corps of observation at See also:Crefeld, when he first became alive to the very inefficient See also:state of the Prussian army. In 1833 he was appointed to the Topographical See also:Bureau at Berlin, in 1835 he entered the General See also:Staff, and in the following year was promoted See also:captain and became instructor and examiner in the military See also:academy at Berlin. In 1842, after an illness of two years brought on by overwork, he was promoted to' be See also:major and attached to the staff of the VII. corps, in which See also:post he was again impressed with the inefficiency of the organization of the army, and occupied himself with schemes for its reform. Two years later, as See also:tutor to See also:Prince See also:Frederick See also:Charles, he attended him at See also:Bonn university and in his See also:European travels. In 1848 he was appointed See also:chief of the staff of the VIII. Army Corps at See also:Coblenz. During the disturbances of that year he served under the See also:Crown Prince See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William (afterwards See also:German See also:emperor) in the suppression of the insurrection at See also:Baden, and distinguishedhimself by his energy and bravery, receiving the 3rd class of the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of the Red See also:Eagle in recognition of his services. While attached to the Crown Prince's staff at that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time he broached to him the subject of his schemes of army reform. In 1850 came the See also:revelation of defective organization and efficiency which led to the humiliating treaty of See also:Olmutz. In the same year Roon was made a See also:lieutenant-See also:colonel, and in 1851 full colonel. He now enjoyed the confidence of Prince William, and began active work as reorganizer of the army.
Promoted to be major-general in 1856 and lieutenant-general in 1859, Roon had held since 1850 several commands and had been employed on important See also:missions. Prince William became See also:regent in 1857, and in 1859 he appointed Roon a member of a commission to See also:report on the reorganization of the army. Sup-ported by See also:Manteuffel and See also:Moltke, Roon was able to get his plans seriously considered and generally adopted. His aim was to create an armed nation, to extend See also:Scharnhorst's See also:system and to adapt it to See also:Prussia's altered circumstances. To attain this he proposed a universal three years' service, and a reserve (See also:Landwehr) for the See also:defence of the country when the army was actively engaged. During the See also:Italian War he was charged with the mobilization of a See also:division. At the end of 1859, though the junior lieutenant-general in the army, he succeeded von Bonin as war See also:minister, and two years later the See also:ministry of marine was also entrusted to him. His proposals of army reorganization met with the bitterest opposition, and it was not until after See also:long fighting against a hostile See also:majority in the See also:chambers that, with See also:Bismarck's aid, he carried the See also:day. Even the Danish See also:campaign of 1864 did not wholly convince the country of the See also:necessity of his See also:measures, and it required the war with See also:Austria of 1866 to convert obstinate opposition into enthusiastic support. After that von Roon, from being the best-hated See also:man in Prussia, became the most popular, and his reforms were ultimately copied throughout See also:continental Europe. He was promoted general of See also:infantry at the outbreak of this war, was See also:present at the brilliant and decisive victory of See also:Koniggratz, and received the See also:Black Eagle at See also:Nikolsburg on the road to See also:Vienna. His system, adopted after 1866 by the whole See also:North German See also:Con-federation, produced its inevitable result in the victorious war with See also:France 1870-71, throughout which von Roon was in attendance on the German emperor. The fiftieth anniversary of his entrance into the army was celebrated at See also:Versailles on the 19th of January 1871, when the emperor expressed his gratitude for the great services he had rendered. He was created a count, and in See also:December 1871, having resigned the ministries of war and marine, he succeeded Bismarck as See also:president of the Prussian ministry. See also:Ill-See also:health compelled him to resign in the following year. He was promoted to be field-marshal on the 1st of January 1873. He died at Berlin on the 23rd of See also:February 1879.
After his See also:death his son published the valuable Denkwurdigkeiten aus dem Leben See also:des Generalfeldmarschalls Kriegsministers Grafen Roon (2 vols., See also:Breslau, 1892), and Kriegsminister von Roon als Redner palitisch and mililarisch erldutert (Breslau, 1895). His See also:correspondence with his friend See also:Professor Cl.
End of Article: ROON, ALBRECHT THEODOR EMIL, COUNT VON (18o3-1879)
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!