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USK, THOMAS (d. 1388)

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Originally appearing in Volume V27, Page 810 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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USK, See also:THOMAS (d. 1388) , the author of The Testament of Love, was See also:born in See also:London. His name was first added to the See also:history of See also:English literature in 1897 by Mr See also:Henry See also:Bradley's See also:discovery that The Testament of Love, an important See also:prose See also:work hitherto attributed to See also:Chaucer, See also:bore in the initial letters of its chapters a statement of authorship—" Margarete of virtw, have merci on thin Usk." By the See also:light of this See also:perception, various autobiographical statements became luminous, and there remained no possible doubt that the author was Thomas Usk, who was clerk of the closet to See also:John of See also:Northampton when he was See also:mayor of London from 1381 to 1383. In See also:July 1384 Usk was seized and put in See also:prison, but was released on promise of bringing charges against the mayor. Usk had no wish to be what he called " a stinking See also:martyr," and he freely produced See also:evidence which sent John of Northampton to See also:gaol. For this he was not forgiven by the See also:duke of See also:Gloucester's party, although he continued to hold confidential posts in London until the See also:close of 1386, when he was appointed sub-See also:sheriff of See also:Middlesex. But he See also:fell with the See also:king, in the See also:triumph of the duke of Gloucester, and on the 3rd of See also:February 1388 Usk, among others, was tried for See also:treason and condemned. He was sentenced " to be See also:drawn, hung and beheaded, and that his See also:head should be set up over Newgate." John of See also:Malvern, in his continuation of See also:Ralph Higden's Polychronicon,l gives a horrid description of his See also:execution, which occurred on the 4th of See also:March 1388, in circumstances of See also:rude barbarity; it took See also:thirty blows of a See also:sword to sever Usk's head from his shoulders. See also:Professor See also:Skeat has shown that the date of his See also:book must be about 1387, for in it he reviews the incidents of his career, including the See also:odd facts that, after his first imprisonment in 1384, he challenged any one who " contraried " his " saws " —that is to say, denied his allegations—to fight, but that no one took up his See also:wager of See also:battle. From 1381 to 1383, while Chaucer was See also:comptroller of customs, Usk was See also:collector, and they were doubtless acquainted. In The Testament of Love, the See also:god is made to praise " mine own true servant, the See also:noble philosophical poet in English," who had composed " a See also:treatise of my servant See also:Troilus." Usk had at one See also:time been a Lollard, but in prison he submitted to the See also:Church and thought he was forgiven. His solitary work is remarkable, and the most elaborate See also:production in See also:original English prose which the end of the 14th See also:century has bequeathed to us.

It is, however, excessively tedious, and of its obscurity and dullness a very amusing See also:

proof is given by the fact that successive editors—and even Dr Henry Bradley and Professor Skeat—did not discover till too See also:late that the leaves of the original MS. had been shuffled and the See also:body of the treatise misarranged. No MS. of The Testament of Love has been preserved; it was first printed by W. Thynne in his edition of Chaucer, 1532. In 1897 Professor Skeat, with cancelled sheets to See also:cover the unlucky See also:mistake above referred to, issued a revised and annotated See also:text in his Chaucerian and other Pieces.

End of Article: USK, THOMAS (d. 1388)

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