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BURLINGAME, ANSON (182o–187o)

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 836 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BURLINGAME, See also:ANSON (182o–187o) , See also:American legislator and diplomat, was See also:born in New See also:Berlin, Chenango See also:county, New See also:York, on the 14th of See also:November 182o. In 1823 his parents took him to See also:Ohio, and about ten years afterwards to See also:Michigan. In 1838–1841 he studied in one of the " branches " of the university of Michigan, and in 1846 graduated at the Harvard See also:law school. He practised law in See also:Boston, and won a wide reputation by his speeches for the See also:Free See also:Soil party in 1848. He was a member of the See also:Massachusetts constitutional See also:convention in 1853, of the See also:state See also:senate in 1853–1854, and of the See also:national See also:House of Representatives from 1855 to 1861, being elected for the first See also:term as a " Know Nothing " and afterwards as a member of the new Republican party, which he helped to organize in Massachusetts. He was an effective debater in the House, and for his impassioned denunciation (See also:June 21, 1856) of See also:Preston S. See also:Brooks (1819–1857),. for his See also:assault upon Senator See also:Charles See also:Sumner, was challenged by Brooks. Burlingame accepted the See also:challenge and specified rifles as the weapons to be used; his second See also:chose See also:Navy See also:Island, above the See also:Niagara Falls, and in See also:Canada, as the See also:place for the See also:meeting. Brooks, however, refused these conditions, saying that he could not reach the place designated " without See also:running the See also:gauntlet of mobs and assassins, prisons and penitentiaries, bailiffs and constables." To Burlingame's See also:appointment as See also:minister to See also:Austria (See also:March 22, 1861) the See also:Austrian authorities objected because in See also:Congress he had advocated the recognition of See also:Sardinia as a first-class See also:power and had championed Hungarian See also:independence. See also:President See also:Lincoln thereupon appointed him (June 14, 1861) minister to See also:China. This See also:office he held until November 1867, when he resigned and was immediately appointed (November 26) See also:envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to See also:head a See also:Chinese See also:diplomatic See also:mission to the See also:United States and the See also:principal See also:European nations. The See also:embassy, which included two Chinese ministers, an See also:English and a See also:French secretary, six students from the Tung-wan Kwang at See also:Peking, and a consider-able See also:retinue, arrived in the United States in March 1868, and concluded at See also:Washington (28th of See also:July 1868) a See also:series of articles, supplementary to the See also:Reed Treaty of 1858, and later known as " The Burlingame Treaty." Ratifications of the treaty were not exchanged at Peking until November 23, 1869.

The "Burlingame Treaty" recognizes China's right of eminent domain over all her territory, gives China the right to appoint at ports in the United States consuls, " who shall enjoy the same privileges and immunities as those enjoyed by the consuls of See also:

Great See also:Britain and See also:Russia "; provides that " citizens of the United States in China of every religious persuasion and Chinese subjects in the United States shall enjoy entire See also:liberty of See also:con-See also:science and shall be exempt from all See also:disability or persecution on See also:account of their religious faith or See also:worship in either See also:country "; and grants certain privileges to citizens of either country residing in the other, the See also:privilege of See also:naturalization, however, being specifically withheld. After leaving the United States, the embassy visited several See also:continental capitals, but made no definite See also:treaties. Burlingame's speeches did much to awaken See also:interest in, and a more intelligent appreciation of, China's attitude toward the outside See also:world. He died suddenly at St See also:Petersburg, on the 23rd of See also:February 187o. His son See also:Edward See also:Livermore Burlingame (b. 1848) was educated at Harvard and at See also:Heidelberg, was a member of the editorial See also:staff of the New York See also:Tribune in 1871–1872 and of the American Cyclopaedia in 1872–1876, and in 1886 became the editor of Scribner's See also:Magazine.

End of Article: BURLINGAME, ANSON (182o–187o)

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