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ENFIELD

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Originally appearing in Volume V09, Page 403 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ENFIELD , a See also:

market See also:town in the Enfield See also:parliamentary See also:division of See also:Middlesex, See also:England, 11 m. N. of See also:London See also:Bridge, on the See also:Great See also:Northern and Great Eastern See also:railways. Pop. of See also:urban See also:district, (1891) 31,536, (1901) 42,738. It is picturesquely situated on the western slope of the See also:Lea valley, with a consider- See also:ENGADINE 403 able See also:extension towards the See also:river, mainly consisting of artisans` dwellings (Churchbury, Ponder's End, and Enfield See also:Highway on the Old See also:North Road). Great See also:numbers of villas occupied by those whose See also:work lies in London have grown up; and many of the inhabitants are employed in the Royal Small Arms factory at Enfield See also:Lock. The See also:church of St See also:Andrew is mainly Perpendicular, but has See also:Early See also:English portions; it contains several See also:ancient monuments and See also:brasses, and flanks the market-See also:place, with its See also:modern See also:cross. Enfield See also:Palace fronts the High See also:Street; it retains portions of the See also:building of See also:Edward VI., but has been greatly altered. The grammer school, near the church, was founded in 1557. The New River flows through the See also:parish, and See also:Sir See also:Hugh Myddleton, its projector, was for some See also:time See also:resident here. See also:Middleton See also:House, named after him, is one of several See also:fine mansions in the vicinity. Of these, See also:Forty See also:Hall, in splendidly timbered grounds, is from the designs of Inigo See also:Jones; and a former See also:mansion occupying the site of See also:White Webbs House was suspected as the See also:scene of the hatching of See also:Gunpowder See also:Plot. The parish is of great extent (12,653 acres).

An Anglo-Saxon derivation, signifying " See also:

forest clearing," is indicated for the name. Enfield See also:Chase was a royal preserve, disafforested in 1777. The See also:principal See also:manor of Enfield, which was held by Asgar, Edward the See also:Confessor's See also:master of See also:horse, was in the hands of the See also:Norman See also:baron See also:Geoffrey de See also:Mandeville at the time of Domesday, and belonged to the See also:Bohun See also:family in the 12th and 13th centuries. It came, by See also:succession and See also:marriage, into the See also:possession of the See also:crown under See also:Henry IV., andwasincluded in the duchy of See also:Lancaster. There were, however, seven other manors, and of these one, Worcesters, came to the crown in the time of Henry VIII., whose See also:children resided at the manor-house, Elsynge Hall. Edward VI., settling both manors upon the princess See also:Elizabeth, rebuilt Enfield Palace for her. She was a frequent resident here not only before but after her See also:accession to the See also:throne. About 1664 the palace was occupied as a school by See also:Robert Uvedale (1642–1722), who was also an eminent horticulturist, planted the magnificent See also:cedar still See also:standing in the palace grounds, and formed a See also:herbarium now in the See also:Sloane collection at the See also:British Museum. The town received grants of markets from Edward I. and See also:James I.

End of Article: ENFIELD

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