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FARINI, LUIGI CARLO (1812–1866)

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Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 180 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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FARINI, See also:LUIGI CARLO (1812–1866) , See also:Italian statesman and historian, was See also:born at Russi, near See also:Ravenna, on the 22nd of See also:October 1812. After completing a brilliant university course at See also:Bologna, which he interrupted to take See also:part in the revolution of 1831 (see See also:CARBONARI), he practised as a physician at Russi and at Ravenna. He acquired a considerable reputation, but in 1843 his See also:political opinions brought him under the suspicion of the See also:police and caused his See also:expulsion from the papal states. He resided successively in See also:Florence and See also:Paris, and travelled about See also:Europe as private physician to See also:Prince See also:Jerome See also:Bonaparte, but when See also:Pius IX. was elected to the See also:Holy See and began his reign with apparently Liberal and nationalist tendencies, Farini returned to See also:Italy and was appointed secretary-See also:general to G. Recchi, the See also:minister of the interior (See also:March 1848). But he held See also:office for little more than a See also:month, since like all the other Italian Liberals he disapproved of the See also:pope's See also:change of front in refusing to allow his troops to fight against See also:Austria, and resigned with the See also:rest of the See also:ministry on the 29th of See also:April. Pius, wishing to counteract the effect of this policy, sent Farini to See also:Charles See also:Albert, See also:king of See also:Sardinia, to See also:hand over the command of the papal contingent to him. Elected member of See also:parliament for See also:Faenza, he was again appointed secretary to the ministry of the interior in the Mamiani See also:cabinet, and later director-general of the public See also:health See also:department. He resigned office on the See also:proclamation of the See also:republic after the See also:flight of the pope to See also:Gaeta in 1849, resumed it for a while when Pius returned to See also:Rome with the See also:protection of See also:French arms, but when a reactionary and priestly policy was instituted, he went into See also:exile and took up his See also:residence at See also:Turin. There he became convinced that it was only through the See also:House of See also:Savoy that Italy could be liberated, and he expounded his views in See also:Cavour's See also:paper Il Risorgimento, in La Frusta and Il Piemonte, of which latter he was at one See also:time editor. He also wrote his See also:chief See also:historical See also:work, Lo Stato Romano dal 181-5 al 185o, in four volumes (Turin, 1850). In 1851 he was appointed minister of public instruction in the D'See also:Azeglio cabinet, an office which he held till May 1852.

As a member of the Sardinian parliament and as a journalist Farini was one of the staunchest supporters of Cavour (q.v.), and strongly favoured the proposal that See also:

Piedmont should participate in the Cimean See also:War, if indeed he was not actually the first to suggest that policy (see G. B..Ercolani's See also:letter in E. Parri's memoir of Farini). In 1856 and 1857 he published two letters to Mr See also:Gladstone on Italian affairs, which created a sensation, while he continued to propagate his views in the Italian See also:press. When on the outbreak of the war of 1859 See also:Francis V., See also:duke of See also:Modena, was expelled and a provisional See also:government set up, Farini was sent as Piedmontese See also:commissioner to that See also:city; but although recalled after the See also:peace of Villafranca he was determined on the See also:annexation of central Italy to Piedmont and remained behind, becoming a Modenese See also:citizen and See also:dictator of the See also:state. He negotiated an See also:alliance with See also:Parma, Romagna and See also:Tuscany, when other provisional governments had been established, and entrusted the task of organizing an See also:army for this central Italian See also:league to General See also:Fanti (q.v.). Annexation to Piedmont having been voted by See also:plebiscite and the opposition of See also:Napoleon III. having been overcome, Farini returned to Turin, when the king conferred on him the See also:order of the Annunziata and Cavour appointed him minister of the interior (See also:June r86o), and subsequently See also:viceroy of See also:Naples; but he soon resigned on the See also:score of See also:ill-health. Cavour died in 1861, and the following See also:year , Farini succeeded Rattazzi as premier, in which office he endeavoured to carry out Cavour's policy. Over-exertion, however, brought on softening of the See also:brain, which compelled him to resign office on the 24th of March 1863, and ultimately resulted in his See also:death on the 1st of See also:August 1866. He was buried at Turin, but in 1878 his remains were removed to his native See also:village of Russi. His son Domenico Farini had a distinguished political career and was at, one time See also:president of the chamber.

End of Article: FARINI, LUIGI CARLO (1812–1866)

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