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See also:FISKE, See also:JOHN (1842-1901) , See also:American See also:historical, philosophical and scientific writer, was See also:born in See also:Hartford, See also:Connecticut, on the 30th of See also:March 1842, and died at See also:Gloucester, See also:Massachusetts, on the 4th of See also:July Igor. His name was originally See also:Edmund Fiske See also:Green, but in 18J5 he took the name of a See also:great-grandfather, John Fiske. His boyhood was spent with a grandmother in See also:Middletown, Connecticut; and See also:prior to his entering See also:college he had read widely in See also:English literature and See also:history, had surpassed most boys in the extent of his See also:Greek and Latin See also:work, and had studied several See also:modern See also:languages. He graduated at Harvard in 1863, continuing to study languages and See also:philosophy with zeal; spent two years in the Harvard See also:law school, and opened an See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office in See also:Boston; but soon devoted the greater portion of his See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time to See also:writing for See also:periodicals. With the exception of one See also:year, he resided at See also:Cambridge, Massachusetts, from the time of his See also:graduation until his See also:death. In 1869 he gave a course of lectures at Harvard on the See also:Positive Philosophy; next year he was history See also:tutor; in 1871 he delivered See also:thirty-five lectures on the See also:Doctrine of See also:Evolution, afterwards revised and See also:expanded as Outlines of See also:Cosmic Philosophy (1874); and between 1872 and 1879 he was assistant-librarian. After that time he devoted himself to See also:literary work and lecturing on history. Nearly all of his books were first given to the public in the See also:form of lectures or See also:magazine articles, revised and collected under a See also:general See also:title, such as Myths and Myth-Makers (1872), Darwinism and Other Essays (1879), Excursions of an Evolutionist (1883), and A See also:Century of See also:Science (1898). He did much, by the thoroughness of his learning and the lucidity of his See also:style, to spread a knowledge of See also:Darwin and See also:Spencer in See also:America. His Outlines of Cosmic
Philosophy, while setting forth the Spencerian See also:system, made psychological and sociological additions of See also:original See also:matter, in some respects anticipating Spencer's later conclusions. Of one See also:part of the See also:argument of this work Fiske wrote in the See also:preface of one of his later books (Through Nature to See also:God, 1899): " The detection of the part played by the lengthening of See also:infancy in the See also:genesis of the human See also:race is my own especial contribution to the Doctrine of Evolution." In The See also:Idea of God as affected by Modern Knowledge (188.5) Fiske discusses the theistic problem, and declares that the mind of See also:man, as See also:developed, becomes an See also:illuminating indication of the mind of God, which as a great immanent cause includes and controls both See also:physical and moral forces. More original, perhaps, is the argument in the irnmediately preceding work, The Destiny of Man, viewed in the See also:Light of his Origin (1884), which is, in substance, that physical evolution is a demonstrated fact; that intellectual force is a later, higher and more potent thing than bodily strength; and that, finally, in most men and some " See also:lower animals " there is developed a new idea of the advantageous, a moral and non-selfish See also:line of thought and See also:procedure, which in itself so transcends the physical that it cannot be identified with it or be measured by its See also:standards, and may or must be enduring, or at its best immortal.
It is principally, however, through his work as a historian that Fiske's reputation will live. His historical writings, with the exception of a small See also:volume on American See also:Political Ideas (1885), an See also:account of the system of See also:Civil See also:Government in the See also:United States (189o), The See also:Mississippi Valley in the Civil See also:War (1900), a school history of the United States, and an elementary See also:story of the American Revolution, are devoted to studies, in a unified general manner, of See also:separate yet related episodes in American history. The volumes have not appeared in See also:chronological See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of subject, but form a nearly See also:complete colonial history, as follows: The See also:Discovery of America, with some Account of See also:Ancient America, and the See also:Spanish See also:Conquest (1892, 2 vols.); Old See also:Virginia and her Neighbours (1897, 2 vols.); The Beginnings of New See also:England; or, The Puritan See also:Theocracy in its Relations to Civil and Religious See also:Liberty (1889); Dutch and Quaker Colonies in America (1899); The American Revolution (1891, 2 vols.); and The See also:Critical See also:Period of American History, 1783–1789 (1888). Of these the most original and valuable is the Critical Period volume, a history of the consolidation of the states into a government, and of the formation of the constitution. (C. F.
End of Article: FISKE, JOHN (1842-1901)
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