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FLORIO, GIOVANNI (1553?-1625)

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Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 547 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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FLORIO, GIOVANNI (1553?-1625) , See also:English writer, was See also:born in See also:London about 1553. He was of Tuscan origin, his parents being Waldenses who had fled from persecution in the Valtelline and taken See also:refuge in See also:England. His See also:father, See also:Michael Angelo Florio, was pastor of an See also:Italian See also:Protestant See also:congregation in London in 1550. He was attached to the See also:household of See also:Sir See also:William See also:Cecil, but dismissed on a See also:charge of immorality. ; He dedicated a See also:book on the Italian See also:language to See also:Henry See also:Herbert, and may have been a See also:tutor in the See also:family of William Herbert, See also:earl of See also:Pembroke. See also:Anthony a See also:Wood says that the Florios See also:left England on the See also:accession of See also:Queen See also:Mary, but returned after her See also:death. The son resided for a See also:time at See also:Oxford, and was appointed, about 1576 tutor to the son of See also:Richard See also:Barnes, See also:bishop of See also:Durham, then studying at Magdalen See also:College. In 1578 Florio published a See also:work entitled First Fruits, which yield See also:Familiar Speech, Merry See also:Proverbs, Witty Sentences, and See also:Golden Sayings (4to). This was accompanied by A Perfect See also:Induction to the Italian and English See also:Tongues. The work was dedicated to the earl of See also:Leicester. Three years later Florio was admitted a member of Magdalen College, and became a teacher of See also:French and Italian in the university. In 1591 appeared his Second Fruits, to be gathered of Twelve Trees, of See also:divers but delightsome Tastes to the Tongues of Italian and English men; to which was annexed the See also:Garden of Recreation, yielding six thousand Italian Proverbs (q to).

These manuals contained an outline of the See also:

grammar, a selection of dialogues in parallel columns of Italian and English, and longer extracts from classical .Italian writers in See also:prose and See also:verse. Florio had many patrons; he says that he " lived some years " with the earl of See also:Southampton, and the earl of Pembroke also befriended him. His Italian and English See also:dictionary, entitled A See also:World of Words, was published in See also:folio in 1598. After the accession of See also:James I., Florio was named French and Italian tutor to See also:Prince Henry, and afterwards became a See also:gentleman of the privy. chamber and clerk of the closet to the queen, whom he also instructed in See also:languages. His magnum See also:opus is the admirable See also:translation of the Essayes on Morall, Politike, and Millitarie Discourses of Lo. Michaell de See also:Montaigne, published in folio in 1603 in three books, each dedicated to two See also:noble ladies. A second edition in 1613 was dedicated to the queen. See also:Special See also:interest attaches to the first edition from the circumstance that of the several copies in the See also:British Museum library one bears the autograph of Shakespeare—long received as genuine but now supposed to be by an 18th-See also:century hand—and another that of See also:Ben See also:Jonson. It was suggested by See also:Warburton that Florio is satirized by See also:Shakespeare under the See also:character of Holofernes, the pompous See also:pedant of Love's Labour's Last, but it is much more likely, especially as he was one of the earl of Southampton's proteges, that he was among the See also:personal See also:friends of the dramatist, who may well have gained his knowledge of Italian and French from him. He had married the See also:sister of the poet See also:Daniel, and had friendly relations with many writers of his See also:day. Ben Jonson sent him a copy of Volpone With the inscription, " To his loving father and worthy friend See also:Master See also:John Florio, Ben Jonson See also:seals this testimony of his friendship and love." He is characterized by Wood, in Athenae Oxonienses, as a very useful See also:man in his profession, zealous for his See also:religion, and deeply attached to his adopted See also:country. He died at See also:Fulham, London, in the autumn of 1625.

End of Article: FLORIO, GIOVANNI (1553?-1625)

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