Online Encyclopedia

navy against the Neapolitan Bourbons in 1844, was the first event to cause an awakening of Venetian patriotism, and in 1847 Manin presented a See also:

PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition to the Venetian See also:

CONGREGATION (Lat. congregatio, a gathering together, from cum, with, grex, gregis, a flock, herd)

congregation, a shadowy consultative See also:

ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly tolerated by Austria but without any See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, informing the See also:

EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor of the wants of the nation. He was arrested on a See also:

charge of high See also:

TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason (See also:

Jan. 18, 1848), but this only served .to increase the agitation of the Venetians, who were beginning to know and love Manin. Two months later, when all See also:

Italy and See also:

HALF

half the See also:

REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of See also:

EUROPE

Europe were in the throes of revolution, the See also:

PEOPLE

people forced See also:

COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count Palffy, the Austrian See also:

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor, to See also:

RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release him (See also:

March 17). The Austrians soon lost all See also:

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the city, the See also:

ARSENAL

arsenal was seized by the revolutionists, and under the direction of Manin ,a civic guard and a provisional See also:

government were instituted. The Austrians evacuated Venice on the 26th of March, and I\Ianin became See also:

PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the Venetian See also:

REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic. He was already in favour of See also:

ITALIAN

Italian unity, and though not anxious for See also:

ANNEXATION (Lat. ad, to, and nexus, joining)

annexation to See also:

PIEDMONT (Ital. Piemonte; Low Lat. Pedemons and Pedemontium)

Piedmont (he would have preferred to invoke See also:

French aid), he gave way to the will of the See also:

MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority, and resigned his See also:

POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers to the Piedmontese commissioners on the 7th of See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August. But after the Piedmontese defeats in See also:

LOMBARDY

Lombardy, and the See also:

ARMISTICE (from Lat. arma, arms, and sistere, to stop)

armistice by which See also:

King See also:

Charles See also:

Albert abandoned Lombardy and See also:

VENETIA

Venetia to Austria, the Venetians attempted to See also:

LYNCH, PATRICIO (1825–1886)

lynch the royal commissioners, whose lives Manin saved with difficulty; an assembly was summoned, and a triumvirate formed with Manin at its See also:

head.

Towards the end of 1848 the Austrians, having been heavily reinforced, reoccupied all the Venetian mainland; but the citizens, hard-pressed and threatened with a See also:

SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege, showed the greatest devotion to the cause of freedom,all sharing in the dangers and hardships and all giving what they could afford to the See also:

state See also:

TREASURY

treasury. Early in 1849 Manin was again chosen president of the republic, and conducted the See also:

defence of the city with great ability. After the defeat of Charles Albert's f.lorn See also:

hope at See also:

NOVARA

Novara in March the Venetian assembly voted "Resistance at all See also:

COSTS

costs!" and granted Manin unlimited powers. Meanwhile the Austrian forces closed See also:

ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the city; but Manin showed an astonishing power of organization, in which he was ably seconded by the Neapolitan See also:

general, Guglielmo See also:

PEPE, GUGLIELMO (1783-1855)

Pepe. But on the 26th of May the Venetians were forced to abandon Fort Malghera, half-way between the city and the mainland; See also:

food was becoming scarce, on the 19th of See also:

JUNE

June the See also:

POWDER (through O. Fr. puldre, modern poudre, from Lat. pulvis, pulveris, dust)

powder See also:

MAGAZINE

magazine blew up, and in See also:

JULY

July See also:

CHOLERA (from the Gr. Xo)du, tile, and Map, to flow)

cholera See also:

broke out. Then the Austrian batteries began to See also:

BOMBARD (derived through Med. Lat. and Fr. forms from Gr. (3oµ(3eiv, to make a humming noise)

bombard Venice itself, and when the Sardinian See also:

FLEET

fleet withdrew from the Adriatic the city was also attacked by See also:

sea, while certain demagogues caused See also:

INTERNAL

internal trouble. At last, on the 24th of August 1849, when all See also:

pro-visions and See also:

AMMUNITION

ammunition were exhausted, Manin, who had courted See also:

DEATH

death in vain, succeeded in negotiating an See also:

HONOURABLE (Fr. honorable, from Lat. honorabilis, worthy of honour)

honourable See also:

CAPITULATION (Lat. capitulum, a little head or division; capitulare, to treat upon terms)

capitulation, on terms of See also:

AMNESTY (from the Gr. &µvrly-ria, oblivion)

amnesty to all See also:

SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save Manin himself, Pepe and some others, who were to go into See also:

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile. On the 27th Manin See also:

LEFT

left Venice for ever on See also:

BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board a French See also:

SHIP

ship. His wife died at See also:

MARSEILLES

Marseilles, and he himself reached See also:

Paris broken in See also:

HEALTH

health and almost destitute, having spent all his See also:

FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune for Venice. In Paris he maintained himself by teaching and became a See also:

LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader among the Italian exiles. There he became a convert from republicanism to monarchism, being convinced that only under the auspices of King See also:

Victor See also:

EMMANUEL, or IMMANUEL

Emmanuel could Italy be freed, and together with Giorgio Pallavicini and Giuseppe La See also:

FARINA, SALVATORE (1846– )

Farina he founded the Society Nazionale Italiana with the See also:

OBJECT

object of propagating the See also:

IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of unity under the Piedmontese See also:

MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy. His last years were embittered by the terrible sufferings of his daughter, who died in 1854, and he himself died on the 22nd of See also:

SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1857, and was buried in Ary See also:

SCHEFFER, ARY (1795-1858)

Scheffer's family See also:

TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb.

In 1868, two years after the Austrians finally departed from Venice, his remains were brought to his native city and honoured with a public funeral. Manin was a man of the greatest honesty, and possessed genuinely statesmanlike qualities. He believed in Italian unity when most men, even See also:

Cavour, regarded it as a vain thing, and his See also:

WORK

work of propaganda by means of the See also:

NATIONAL

National Society greatly contributed to the success of the cause. See A. Errera, Vita di D. Manin (Venice, 1872) ; P. de la Farge, Documents, &c., de D. Manin (Paris, 186o) ; See also:

HENRI

Henri See also:

Martin, D. Manin (Paris, 1859) ; V. Marchesi, Settant' anni della storia di Venezia (See also:

TURIN

Turin) and an excellent monograph in Countess Martinengo Cesaresco's Italian Characters (See also:

LONDON

London, 1901).

End of Article: MANIN, DANIELE (1804–18J7)

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.

» Add information or comments to this article.

Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.

Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
MANILIUS, GAIUS

[next]
MANING, FREDERICK EDWARD (1812-1883)