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SERRANO Y DOMINGUEZ, FRANCISCO, DUKE ...

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 683 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SERRANO Y DOMINGUEZ, FRANCISCO, See also:

DUKE DE LA TORRE AND See also:COUNT OF See also:SAN See also:ANTONIO (1810-1885) , See also:Spanish See also:marshal and statesman, was See also:born in the See also:island of See also:Leon at See also:Cadiz on the 17th of See also:December 1810. His See also:father was a See also:general officer and a Liberal. Serrano began his studies at Vergara in the Basque provinces, became a See also:cadet in 1822, See also:cornet in 1833 in the lancers of Sagunto, passed into the carabineers in 1829, and when the Carlist agitation began in 1833 he exchanged into the See also:cuirassiers. He formed See also:part of the escort which accompanied See also:Don See also:Carlos, the first pretender and See also:brother of See also:Ferdinand VII., to the frontier of See also:Portugal. As ° Here the transition from See also:mother-right to paternity should probably be taken into See also:consideration. For the view that the See also:serpent as a See also:genius or daemon may be replaced by the human (and See also:female) victim, who thus becomes in See also:time the See also:guardian (cf. § so), see J. C. See also:Lawson, op. cit. pp. 271 sqq. ' One may See also:note the See also:Indian See also:local See also:saint Guga, who punishes by snake-bite and can cure his worshippers (similarly the See also:Egyptian Mert-seger, the serpent-patroness of the Theban See also:necropolis and the serpent, the saviour-See also:god of the Phrygian See also:Hierapolis) ; he is represented on horseback descending to the infernal regions; over him two See also:snakes meet, one being coiled See also:round the See also:long See also:staff which he holds in his hands (Crooke i. 212 seq.).

But how many different factors may not have influenced the See also:

representation! aide-de-See also:camp of Espoz y See also:Mina, then under the orders of Generals See also:Cordoba and See also:Espartero, in the armies of See also:Queen See also:Isabella, Serrano took such an active part in the Carlist See also:War from 1834 to 1839 that he See also:rose from the See also:rank of See also:captain to that of brigadier-general. His services obtained for him the See also:Cross of San Fernando and many medals. In 1839 he was elected a member of See also:Cortes for the first time by See also:Malaga, and in 184o he was made a general of See also:division and See also:commander of the See also:district of See also:Valencia, which he relinquished to take his seat in See also:congress. From that See also:day Serrano became one of the See also:chief military politicians of See also:Spain. In 184r he helped Espartero to overthrow the regency of Queen See also:Christina; in 1843 at See also:Barcelona he made a pronunciamiento against Espartero; he became See also:minister of war in the See also:Lopez See also:cabinet, which convoked the Cortes that declared Queen Isabella of See also:age at fifteen, served in the same capacity in an Olozaga cabinet, sulked as long as the Moderados were in See also:office, was made a senator in 1845, captain-general of See also:Granada in 1848, and from 1846 to 1853 lived quite apart from politics on his Andalusian estates or travelling abroad. He assisted Marshal O'Donnell in the military movements of 1854 and 1856, and was his staunch follower for twelve years. O'Donnell made him marshal in 1856 and captain-general of See also:Cuba from 1859 to 1862; and Serrano not only governed that island with success, and did See also:good service in the war in Santo Domingo, but he was the first See also:viceroy who advocated See also:political and See also:financial reforms in the See also:colony. On his return to Spain he was made duke de la Torre, See also:grandee of the first class, and minister of See also:foreign affairs by O'Donnell. Serrano gallantly exposed his See also:life to help O'Donnell quell the formidable insurrection of the 22nd of See also:June 1866 at See also:Madrid, and was rewarded with the See also:Golden Fleece. At the See also:death of O'Donnell, he became the chief of the See also:Union Liberal, and as See also:president of the See also:senate he assisted Rios See also:Rosas to draw up a See also:petition to Queen Isabella against her Moderado ministers, for which both were exiled. Nothing daunted, Serrano began to conspire with the duke of See also:Montpensier, See also:Prim and See also:Sagasta; and on the 7th of See also:July 1868 Gonzalez See also:Bravo had Serrano and other generals arrested and taken to the See also:Canary Isles.

There Serrano remained until See also:

Admiral See also:Topete sent a steamer to bring him lo Cadiz on the 18th of See also:September of the same See also:year. On landing he signed the manifesto of the revolution with Prim, Topete, Sagasta,, See also:Martos and others, and accepted the command of the revolutionary See also:army, with which he routed the troops of Queen Isabella under the orders of the See also:marquis of See also:Novaliches at the See also:bridge of Alcolea. The queen fled to See also:France, and Serrano, having entered Madrid, formed a Provisional See also:Government, convoked the Cortes Constituyentes in See also:February 1869, and was appointed successively president of the executive and See also:regent. He acted very impartially as a ruler, respecting the See also:liberty of See also:action of the Cortes and cabinets, and bowing to their selection of Amadeus of See also:Savoy, though he would have preferred Montpensier. As soon as Amadeus reached Madrid, after the death of Prim, Serrano consented to See also:form a See also:coalition cabinet, but it kept together only a few months. Serrano resigned, and took the command of the See also:Italian See also:king's army against the Carlists in See also:North Spain. He tried to form one more cabinet under King Amadeus, but again resigned when that monarch declined to give his ministers dictatorial See also:powers and sent. for See also:Ruiz Zorilla, whose mistakes led to the See also:abdication of Arnadeus on the filth of February 1873. Serrano would have nothing to do with the federal See also:republic, and even conspired with other generals and politicians to over-throw it on the 23rd of See also:April 1873; but having failed, he had to go to France until General See also:Pavia, on the See also:eve of his coup d'etat of the 3rd of See also:January 1874, sent for him to take the See also:head of affairs. Serrano assumed once more the See also:title of president of the executive; tried first a coalition cabinet, in which IIa.rtos and Sagasta soon quarrelled, then formed a cabinet presided over by Sagasta, which, however, proved unable to See also:cope with the military and political agitation that brought about the restoration of the Bourbons by another pronunciamiento at the end of December 1874. During the eleven months he remained in office Serrano devoted his See also:attention chiefly to the reorganization of See also:finance, the renewal of relations with See also:American and See also:European powers, and the suppression of revolt. After the Restoration, Serrano spent some time in France, returned to Madrid in 1876, attended See also:palace receptions, took his seat as a marshal in the senate, coquetted a little with Sagasta in 1881, and finally gave his open support to the formation of a dynastic See also:Left with a democratic See also:programme defended by his own See also:nephew, General Lopez Dominguez. He died in Madrid on the 26th of See also:November 1885, twenty-four See also:hours after See also:Alphonso XII.

(A. E.

End of Article: SERRANO Y DOMINGUEZ, FRANCISCO, DUKE DE LA TORRE AND COUNT OF SAN ANTONIO (1810-1885)

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