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See also:ZEMARCHUS (fl. 568) , See also:Byzantine See also:general and traveller. The See also:Turks, by their See also:conquest of See also:Sogdiana in the See also:middle of the 6th See also:century, gained See also:control of the See also:silk See also:trade which then passed through Central See also:Asia into See also:Persia. But the See also:Persian See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, See also:Chosroes Nushirvan, dreading the intrusion of See also:Turkish See also:influence, refused to allow the old See also:commerce to continue, and the Turks after many rebuffs consented to a See also:suggestion made by their See also:mercantile subjects of the Soghd, and in 568 sent an See also:embassy to See also:Constantinople to See also:form an See also:alliance with the Byzantines and " See also:transfer the See also:sale of silk to them." The offer was accepted by See also:Justin II., and in See also:August 568, Zemarchus the Cilician, " General of the cities of the See also:East," See also:left See also:Byzantium for Sogdiana. The embassy was under the guidance of Maniakh, " See also:chief of the See also:people of Sogdiana," who had first, according to See also:Menander See also:Protector, suggested to Dizabul (Dizaboulos, the Bu See also:Min See also:khan of the Turks, the Mokan of the See also:Chinese), the See also:great khan of the Turks, this " See also:Roman " alliance, and had himself come to Byzantium to negotiate the same. On reaching the Sogdian territories the travellers were offered See also:iron for sale, and solemnly exorcised; Zemarchus was made to " pass through the See also:fire " (i.e. between two fires), and See also:strange ceremonies were performed over the baggage of the expedition, a See also:- BELL
- BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
- BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
- BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
- BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
- BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
- BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
- BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
- BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
- BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
- BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
- BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)
bell being See also:rung and a See also:drum beaten over it, while flaming See also:incense-leaves were carried See also:round it, and incantations muttered in " Scythian." After these precautions the envoys proceeded to the See also:camp of Dizabul (or rather of Dizabul's successor, Bu Min khan having just died) " in a hollow encompassed by the See also:Golden See also:Mountain," apparently in some locality of the See also:Altai. They found the khan surrounded by astonishing barbaric pomp—gilded thrones, golden peacocks, See also:gold and See also:silver See also:plate and silver animals, hangings and clothing of figured silk. They accompanied him some way on his See also:march against Persia, passing through Talas or See also:Turkestan in the Syr Daria valley, where Hsuan Tsang, on his way from See also:China to See also:India sixty years later, met with another of Dizabul's successors. Zemarchus was See also:present at a banquet in Talas where the Turkish kagan and the Persian See also:envoy exchanged abuse; but the Byzantine does not seem to have witnessed actual fighting. Near the See also:river Oekh (Syr Daria?) he was sent back to Constantinople with a Turkish embassy and with
envoys from various tribes subject to the Turks. Halting by the " vast, wide See also:lagoon " (of the Ara: See also:Sea?), Zemarchus sent off an See also:express messenger, one See also:George, to announce his return to the See also:emperor. George hurried on by the shortest route, " See also:desert and waterless," apparently the See also:steppes See also:north of the See also:Black Sea: while his See also:superior, moving more slowly, marched twelve days by the sandy shores of " the lagoon " ; crossed the Emba, Ural, See also:Volga, and See also:Kuban (where 4000 Persians vainly See also:lay in See also:ambush to stop him); and passing round the western end of the See also:Caucasus, arrived safely at See also:Trebizond and Constantinople. For several years this Turkish alliance subsisted, while See also:close intercourse was maintained between Central Asia and Byzantium; when another Roman envoy, one Valentinos (OuaXevelvos), goes on his embassy in 575 he takes back with him ,o6 Turks who had been visiting Byzantine lands; but from 579 this friendship rapidly began to cool. It is curious that all this travel between the See also:Bosporus and Transoxiana seems not to have done anything to correct, at least in literature, the wide-spread misapprehension of the See also:Caspian as a gulf of the See also:Arctic Ocean.
See Menander Protector, IIepl IIpea9Ewv `Pwµaiwv 7rpis "EOvs (De Legationibus Romanorum ad Genies), pp. 295-302, 38o-85,
397-404, See also:Bonn edition (xix), 1828 (=pp. 8o6-11, 883-87, 899-907, in See also:Migne, Patrolog. Graec., vol. exiii., See also:Paris, 1864) ; H. See also:Yule, See also:Cathay, clx.-clxvi. (See also:London, See also:Hakluyt Society, 1866) ; L. Cahun, Introduction a l'histoire de l'Asie, pp. Io8-18 (Paris, 1896) ; C. R. Beazley, See also:Dawn of See also:Modern See also:Geography, i. 186-89 (London, 1897). (C. R.
End of Article: ZEMARCHUS (fl. 568)
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