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See also:ADRIAN VI . (Adrian Dedel, not Boyens, probably not Roden-
See also:burgh, 1459-1523), See also:pope from 1522 to 1523, was See also:born at See also:Utrecht in See also:March 1459, and studied under the Brethren of the See also:Common
See also:Life either at See also:Zwolle or See also:Deventer. At See also:Louvain he pursued See also:philosophy, See also:theology and See also:canon See also:law, becoming a See also:doctor of theology (1491), See also:dean of St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter's and See also:vice-See also:chancellor of the university. In 1507 he was appointed See also:tutor to the seven-See also:year-old
See also:Charles V. He was sent to See also:Spain in 1515 on a very important See also:diplomatic errand ; Charles secured his See also:succession to the see of See also:Tortosa, and on the 14th of See also:November 1516 commissioned him inquisitor-See also:general of See also:Aragon. During the minority of Charles, Adrian was associated with See also:Cardinal See also:Jimenes in governing Spain. After the See also:death of the latter Adrian was appointed, on the 14th of March 1518, general of the reunited inquisitions of See also:Castile and Aragon, in which capacity he acted till his departure from See also:Tarragona for See also:Rome on the 4th of See also:August 1522 : he was, however, too weak and confiding to See also:cope with abuses which Jimenes had been able in some degree to check. When Charles See also:left for the See also:Netherlands in 1520 he made Adrian See also:regent of Spain : as such he had to cope with a very serious revolt. In 1517 See also:Leo X. had created him cardinal See also:priest SS. loannis et See also:Pauli; on the 9th of See also:January 1522 he was almost unanimously elected pope. Crowned in St Peter's on the 31st of August at the See also:age of sixty-three, he entered upon the lonely path of the reformer. His See also:programme was to attack notorious abuses one by one ; but in his See also:attempt to improve the See also:system of granting indulgences he was hampered by his cardinals ; and reducing the number of matrimonial dispensations was impossible, for the income had been farmed out for years in advance by Leo X. The Italians saw in him a pedantic See also:foreign See also:professor, See also:blind to the beauty of classical antiquity, penuriously docking the stipends of See also:great artists.
As a peacemaker among See also:Christian princes, whom he hoped to unite in a protective See also:war against the Turk, he was a failure : in August 1523 he was forced openly to ally himself with the See also:Empire, See also:England, See also:Venice, &c., against See also:France ; mean-while in 1522 the See also:sultan See also:Suleiman I. had conquered See also:Rhodes. In dealing with the See also:early stages of the See also:Protestant revolt in See also:Germany Adrian did not fully recognize the gravity of the situation. At the See also:diet which opened in See also:December 1522 at See also:Nuremberg he was represented by Chieregati, whose instructions contain the See also:frank See also:admission that the whole disorder of the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church had perchance proceeded from the See also:Curia itself, and that there the reform should begin. However, the former professor and inquisitor-general was stoutly opposed to doctrinal changes, and demanded that See also:Luther be punished for See also:heresy. The statement in one of his See also:works that the pope could err in matters of faith (" haeresim per suain determinationem See also:aut Decretalem asserendo ") has attracted See also:attention ; but as it is a private See also:opinion, not an ex cathedra pronouncement, it is held not to See also:prejudice the See also:dogma of papal See also:infallibility. On the 14th of See also:September 1523 he died, after a pontificate too See also:short to be effective.
Most of Adrian VI.'s See also:official papers disappeared soon after his death. He published Quaestiones in quartum sententiarum praesertim circa sacramenta (See also:Paris, 1512, 1516, 1518, 1537; Rome, 1522), and Quaestiones quodlibeticae XII. (1st ed., Louvain, 1515). See L. Pastor, in Geschichte der Pdpste, vol. iv. pt. ii.; Adrian VI. and Klemens VII. (See also:Freiburg, 1907); also Wetzer and Welte, Kirchenlexikon, and ed., and See also:Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopadie, 3rd ed., under " See also:Hadrian VI."; H.
Hurter, Nomenclator literarius recentioris theologise catholicae, tom. iv. (See also:Innsbruck, 1899), 1027; The See also:Cambridge See also:Modern See also:History, vol. ii. (1904), 19-21; H. C. See also:Lea, A History of the See also:Inquisition of Spain, vol. i. (1906); See also:Janus, The Pope and the See also:Council, and ed. (See also:London, 1869), 376. See also:Biographies:—A. Lepitre, Adrien VI. (Paris, 188o) ; C. A. C. von Hoffer, Papst Adrian VI.
(See also:Vienna, 188o) ; L. Casartelli, " The Dutch Pope," in See also:Miscellaneous Essays (London, 1906). (W. W.
End of Article: ADRIAN VI
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