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AUCKLAND

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 894 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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AUCKLAND , a See also:

city and seaport on the See also:east See also:coast of See also:North See also:Island, New See also:Zealand, in See also:Eden See also:county; See also:capital of the See also:province of its name, and the seat of a See also:bishop. Pop. (1906) 37,736; including suburbs, 82, tor. It is situated at the mouth of an See also:arm of Hauraki Gulf, and is only 6 m. distant from the See also:head of Manukau See also:harbour on the. western coast. The situation is extremely beautiful. The Hauraki Gulf, a See also:great square inlet opening northward, is studded with islands of considerable See also:elevation; Rangitoto, which protects the harbour, is a volcanic See also:cone reaching nearly r000 ft. The See also:isthmus on which the See also:town stands (which position has caused it to be likened to See also:Corinth) can be crossed without surmounting any great elevation, and offers a feasible See also:canal route. A number of small See also:extinct volcanoes, however, appear in all directions. To the See also:west the Titirangi hillsexceed 1400 ft. Some of the volcanic See also:soil is barren, but much of the See also:district is clothed in luxuriant vegetation. Auckland harbour, one of the best in New Zealand, is approach-able by the largest vessels at the lowest See also:tide. There are two graving docks.

See also:

Queen See also:Street, the See also:principal thoroughfare, leads inland from the See also:main See also:dock, and contains the See also:majority of the public buildings. There is a small See also:government See also:house, See also:standing in beautiful grounds, adjoining See also:Albert See also:Park, with plantations of oaks and pines. The government offices, See also:art See also:gallery and See also:exchange, with St See also:Mary's See also:cathedral (See also:Anglican), a See also:building in a See also:combination of native timbers, St See also:Paul's and St See also:Patrick's cathedral (See also:Roman See also:Catholic), are noteworthy buildings. The art gallery and See also:free library contain excellent pictures, and valuable books and See also:MSS. presented by See also:Sir G. See also:Grey. The museum contains one of the best existing collections of See also:Maori art. There are an See also:opera-house and an See also:academy of See also:music. The Auckland University See also:College and the See also:grammar school are the principal educational establishments. The parks are the Domain, with a botanical See also:garden, the Albert Park near the harbour, with a See also:bronze statue of Queen See also:Victoria, the extensive grounds at One See also:Tree See also:Hill on the outskirts, and Victoria Park on See also:Freeman's See also:Bay. The principal thoroughfares are served by electric See also:tramway. Of the suburbs, See also:Newton, See also:Parnell and See also:Newmarket are in reality outlying parts of the town itself. See also:Devonport, See also:Birkenhead and See also:Northcote are beautifully situated on the north See also:shore of the inlet, and are served by See also:steam-ferries.

Several other residential suburbs See also:

lie among the hills on the mainland, such as See also:Mount Albert, Mount Eden and See also:Epsom. Onehunga is a small See also:port on Manukau harbour, served by See also:rail. In Parnell is the former See also:residence of Bishop See also:Selwyn, who, arriving in the See also:colony in 1842, assisted to draw up the constitution of the Anglican See also:church. There are many associations with his name in the See also:neighbour-See also:hood. The prospect over the town and its environs from Mount Eden is justly famous. The hill is terraced with former native fortifications. Auckland has See also:industries of See also:sugar-refining, See also:ship-building and See also:paper-, rope- and See also:brick-making, and See also:timber is worked. The town was founded as capital of the colony in 1840 by See also:Governor Hobson. There is communication both See also:south and north by rail, and See also:regular steamers serve the ports of the colony, the principal Pacific Islands, See also:Australia, &c. From 1853 to 1876 Auckland was the seat of the provincial government, and until 1865 that of the central government, which was then transferred to See also:Wellington. The first session of the See also:general See also:assembly took See also:place here in 1854. Auckland is under municipal government.

End of Article: AUCKLAND

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