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See also:BALDWIN I ., See also:prince of See also:Edessa (1098-1100), and first See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Jerusalem (1 oo-III8), was the See also:brother of See also:Godfrey of See also:Bouillon (q.v.). He was originally a clerk in orders, and held several prebends; but in ro96 he joined the first crusade, and accompanied his brother Godfrey as far as See also:Heraclea in See also:Asia See also:Minor. When See also:Tancred See also:left the See also:main See also:body of the crusaders at Heraclea, and marched into See also:Cilicia, Baldwin followed, partly in See also:jealousy, partly from the same See also:political motives which animated Tancred. He wrested See also:Tarsus from Tancred's grip (See also:September 1097), and left there a See also:garrison of his own. After rejoining the main See also:army at See also:Marash, he received an invitation from an Armenian named Pakrad, and moved eastwards towards the See also:Euphrates, where he occupied Tell-bashir. Another invitation followed from Thoros of Edessa; and to Edessa Baldwin came, first as See also:protector, and then, when Thoros was assassinated, as his successor (See also:March 1098). For two years he ruled in Edessa (1098-1100), marryingan Armenian wife, and acting generally as the intermediary between the crusaders and the Armenians. During these two years he was successful in maintaining his ground, both against the See also:Mahommedan See also:powers by which he was surrounded, and from which he won See also:Samosata and Seruj (Sarorgia), and against a See also:conspiracy of his own subjects in ro98. At the end of 1099 he visited Jerusalem along with See also:Bohemund I.; but he returned to Edessa in See also:January 11oo. On the See also:death of Godfrey he was summoned by a party,in Jerusalem to succeed to his brother. A See also:lay reaction against the theocratic pretensions of Dagobert, who was counting on See also:Norman support, was responsible for the See also:summons; and in the strength of that reaction Baldwin was able to become the first king of Jerusalem. He was crowned on See also:Christmas See also:Day, 'See also:loo, by the See also:patriarch himself; but the struggle of See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church and See also:state was not yet over, and in the See also:spring of See also:riot Baldwin had Dagobert suspended by a papal See also:legate, while later in the See also:year the two disagreed on the question of the contribution to be made by the patriarch towards the See also:defence of the See also:Holy See also:Land. The struggle ended in the deposition of Dagobert and the See also:triumph of Baldwin (1102).
As Baldwin had secured the supremacy of the lay See also:power in Jerusalem, so he extended into a compact See also:kingdom the poor and straggling territories to which he had succeeded. This he did by an See also:alliance with the See also:Italian trading towns, especially See also:Genoa, which supplied in return for the concession of a See also:quarter in the conquered towns, the See also:instruments and the skill for a See also:war of sieges, in which the See also:coast towns of See also:Palestine were successively reduced. See also:Arsuf and Caesarea were captured in i'oi; See also:Acre in 1104; See also:Beirut and See also:Sidon in r See also:Ito (the latter with the aid of the Venetians and Norwegians). Meanwhile Baldwin repelled in successive years the attacks of the Egyptians (1102, 1103, 11o5), and in the latter years of his reign (1115–1118) he even pushed See also:south-See also:- WARD
- WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
- WARD, ARTEMUS
- WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
- WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
- WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
- WARD, JAMES (1843– )
- WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
- WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
- WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
- WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
- WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)
ward at the expense of See also:Egypt, penetrating as far as the Red See also:Sea, and planting an outpost at Monreal. In the See also:north he had to compose the dissensions of the See also:Christian princes in See also:Tripoli, See also:Antioch and Edessa (1109–IIIo), and to help them to maintain their ground against the Mahommedan princes of N.E. See also:Syria, especially Maudud and Aksunk-ur, amirs of See also:Mosul. In this way Baldwin was able to make himself into See also:practical suzerain of the three Christian principalities of the north, though the See also:suzerainty was, and always continued to be, somewhat nominal. In 1118 he died, after an expedition to Egypt, during which he captured Farama, and, as old See also:Fuller says, " caught many See also:fish, and his death in eating them."
Baldwin was one of the " adventurer princes " of the first crusade, and as such he stands alongside of Bohemund, Tancred and See also:Raymund. On the whole he was the most successful of his class. By his defence of the lay power against a nascent See also:theocracy, and by his alliance with the Italian towns, he was the real founder of the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem. Events worked for him: he might never have come to the See also:throne, unless Bohemund had fallen into the hands of Danishmend; and the dissensions among the Mahommedans alone made possible the subsequent consolidation of his kingdom. But he had See also:virus as well as See also:fortuna; and on his tombstone it was written that he was " a second Judas Maccabaeus, whom Kedar and Egypt, See also:Dan and See also:Damascus dreaded." As king, he still retained something of the clerk in the See also:habit of his See also:dress; but he was at the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time a See also:warrior so impetuous, as to be sometimes foolhardy, and his policy was on the whole See also:anti-clerical. He may be accused of greed: his See also:life was not chaste; and the two defects met in his rejection of his Armenian wife and his See also:marriage to the See also:rich Sicilian widow See also:Adelaide (1113). But " on the holiest See also:soil of See also:history, he gave his See also:people a fatherland "; and See also:Fulcher of See also:Chartres, his See also:chaplain, who paints at the beginning of Baldwin's reign the terrors of the lonely See also:band of Christians in the midst of their foes, can celebrate at the end the formation of a new nation in the See also:East (qui fuimus occidentales, nunc facti sumus orientales)—an achievement which, so far as it was the See also:work of any one See also:man, was the work of Baldwin I.
Jerusalem during his reign, is the See also:primary authority for Baldwin's career. There is a monograph on Baldwin by See also:Wolff (See also:Kong Baldwin I. von Jerusalem), and his reign is sketched in R. Rohricht's Geschichte See also:des Ronigreichs Jerusalem See also:Innsbruck, 1898) C. i.-iv. (E.
End of Article: BALDWIN I
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