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DAUBREE, GABRIEL AUGUSTE (1814-1896)
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See also:DAUBREE, See also:GABRIEL AUGUSTE (1814-1896) , See also:French geologist, was See also:born at See also:Metz, on the 25th of See also:June 1814, and educated at the Ecole Polytechnique in See also:Paris. At the See also:age of twenty he had qualified as a See also:mining engineer, and in 1838 he was appointed to take See also:charge of the mines in the Bas-Rhin (See also:Alsace), and subsequently to be See also:professor of See also:mineralogy and See also:geology at the See also:Faculty of Sciences, See also:Strassburg. In 1859 he became engineer in See also:chief of mines, and in 1861 he was appointed professor of geology at the museum of natural See also:history in Paris and was also elected member of the See also:Academy of Sciences. In the following See also:year he became professor of mineralogy at the 1 See also:cole See also:des Mines, and in 1872 director of that school. In 188o the See also:Geological Society of See also:London awarded to him the See also:Wollaston See also:medal. His published researches date from 1841, when the origin of certain See also:tin minerals attracted his See also:attention; he subsequently discussed the formation of See also:bog-See also:iron ore, and worked out in detail the geology of the Bas-Rhin (1852). From 1857 to 1861, while engaged in See also:engineering See also:works connected with the springs of Plombieres, he made a See also:series of interesting observations on thermal See also:waters and their See also:influence on the See also:Roman See also:masonry through which they made their exit. He was, however, especially distinguished for his See also:long-continued and often dangerous experiments on the artificial See also:production of minerals and rocks. He likewise discussed the See also:permeability of rocks by See also:water, and the effects of such infiltration in producing volcanic phenomena; he dealt with the subject of See also:metamorphism, with the deformations of the See also:earth's crust, with earthquakes, and with the See also:composition and See also:classification of meteorites. He died in Paris on the 29th of May 1896. His publications were: Etudes et experiences synthetiques sur le metamorphisme et sur la formation des roches cristallines (186o); Etudes synthetiques de geologie experimentale (1879); See also:Les Eaux souterraines a l'epoque actuelle (2 vols., 1887); Le Eaux souterraines aux epoques anciennes (1887). the 11th of See also:February 1795. In 18o8 he went to See also:Winchester, and in r810 he was elected to a demyship at Magdalen See also:College, See also:Oxford, where the lectures of Dr See also:Kidd first awakened in him a See also:desire for the cultivation of natural See also:science. In 1814 he graduated with second-class honours, and in the next year he obtained the See also:prize for the Latin See also:essay. From 1815 to 1818 he studied See also:medicine in London and See also:Edinburgh. He took his M.D. degree at Oxford, and was a See also:fellow of the College of Physicians. In 1819, in the course of a tour through See also:France, he made the volcanic See also:district of See also:Auvergne a See also:special study, and his Letters on the Volcanos of Auvergne were published in The Edinburgh See also:Journal, 1820-21. He was elected F.R.S. in 1822. By subsequent journeys in See also:Hungary, Transylvania, See also:Italy, See also:Sicily, France and See also:Germany he extended his knowledge of volcanic phenomena; and in 1826 the results of his observations were given in,a See also:work entitled A Description of Active and See also:Extinct Volcanos (2nd ed., 1848). In See also:common with See also:Gay Lussac and See also:Davy, he held subterraneous thermic disturbances to be probably due to the contact of water with metals of the alkalis and alkaline earths. In See also:November 1822 See also:Daubeny succeeded Dr Kidd as professor of See also:chemistry at Oxford, and retained this See also:post until 1855; and in 1834 he was appointed to the See also:chair of See also:botany, to which was subsequently attached that of rural See also:economy. At the Oxford botanic See also:garden he conducted numerous experiments upon the effect of changes in See also:soil, See also:light and the composition of the See also:atmosphere upon vegetation. In 183o he published in the Philosophical Transactions a See also:paper on the See also:iodine and See also:bromine of See also:mineral waters. In the following year appeared his Introduction to the Atomic Theory, which was succeeded by a supplement in 1840, and in 185o by a second edition. In 1831 Daubeny represented the See also:universities of See also:England at the first See also:meeting of the See also:British Association, which at his See also:request held their next session at Oxford. In 1836 he communicated to the Association a See also:report on the subject of mineral and thermal waters. In 1837 he visited the See also:United States, and acquired there the materials for papers on the thermal springs and the geology of See also:North See also:America, read in 1838 before the Ashmolean Society and the British Association. In 1856 he became See also:president of the latter See also:body at its meeting at See also:Cheltenham. In 1841 Daubeny published his Lectures on See also:Agriculture; in 1857 his Lectures on Roman Husbandry; in 1863 See also:Climate: an inquiry into the causes of its See also:differences and into its influence on See also:Vegetable See also:Life; and in 1865 an Essay on the Trees and Shrubs of the Ancients, and a See also:Catalogue of the Trees and Shrubs indigenous to See also:Greece and Italy. His last See also:literary work was the collection of his Miscellanies, published in two volumes, in 1867. In all his undertakings Daubeny was actuated by a See also:practical spirit and a desire for the See also:advancement of knowledge; and his See also:personal influence on his contemporaries was in keeping with the high See also:character of his various literary productions. He died in Oxford on the 12th of See also:December 1867.
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