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COLE, SIR HENRY (1808–1882)

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 664 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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COLE, See also:SIR See also:HENRY (1808–1882) , See also:English See also:civil servant, was See also:born at See also:Bath on the 15th of See also:July 18o8, and was the son of an officer in the See also:army. At the See also:age of fifteen he became clerk to Sir See also:Francis See also:Palgrave, then a subordinate officer in the See also:record See also:office, and, helped by See also:Charles See also:Buller, to whom he had been introduced by See also:Thomas Love See also:Peacock, and who became chairman of a royal See also:commission for inquiry into the See also:condition of the public records, worked his way up until he became an assistant keeper. He largely assisted in influencing public See also:opinion in support of Sir See also:Rowland See also:Hill's reforms at the See also:post office. A connexion with the Society of Arts caused him to See also:drift gradually out of the record office: he was a leading member of the commission that organized the See also:Great See also:Exhibition of 1851, and upon the conclusion of its labours was made secretary to the School of See also:Design, which by a See also:series of transformations became in 1853 the See also:Department of See also:Science and See also:Art. Under its auspices the See also:South See also:Kensington (now See also:Victoria and See also:Albert) Museum was founded in 1855 upon See also:land See also:purchased out of the surplus of the exhibition, and Cole practically became its director, retiring in 1873. His proceedings were frequently criticized, but the museum owes much to his See also:energy. Indefatigable, genial and masterful, he drove everything before him, and by all sorts of schemes and devices built up a great institution, whose variety and inequality of See also:composition seemed imaged in the anomalous structure in which it was temporarily housed. He also, though 664. See also:COLD HARBOR- locked up in the See also:city See also:hall until all attempts to enforce the new See also:law were abandoned. Subsequently See also:Colden secured the See also:sus-See also:pension of the provincial See also:assembly by an See also:act of See also:parliament. He understood, however, the real See also:temper of the patriot party, and in 1775, when the outbreak of hostilities seemed inevitable, he strongly advised the See also:ministry to act with caution and to concede some of the colonists' demands. When the See also:war began, he retired to his See also:Long See also:Island See also:country seat, where he died on the 28th of See also:September 1776.

Colden was widely known among scientists and men of letters in See also:

England and See also:America. He was a See also:life-long student of See also:botany, and was the first to introduce in America the See also:classification See also:system of See also:Linnaeus, who gave the name " Coldenia " to a newly recognized genus. He was an intimate friend of See also:Benjamin See also:Franklin. He wrote several medical See also:works of importance in their See also:day, the most noteworthy being A See also:Treatise on Wounds and Fevers (1765); he also wrote The See also:History of the Five See also:Indian Nations depending on the See also:Province of New See also:York (1727, reprinted 1866 and 1905), and an elaborate See also:work on The Principles of See also:Action in See also:Matter (1751), which, with his Introduction to the Study of Physics (c. 1756), his Enquiry into the Principles of Vital See also:Motion (1766), and his Reflections (c. 1770), See also:mark him as the first of See also:American materialists and one of the ablest material philosophers of his day. I. See also:Woodbridge See also:Riley, in American See also:Philosophy (New York, 1907), made the first See also:critical study of Colden's philosophy, and said of it that it combined " Newtonian See also:mechanics with the See also:ancient hylozoistic See also:doctrine . . . " and " ultimately reached a See also:kind of dynamic See also:panpsychism, substance being conceived as a self-acting and universally diffused principle, whose essence is See also:power and force." See Alice M. Keys, Cadwallader See also:Golden, A Representative 28th See also:Century See also:Official (New York, 1906), a See also:Columbia University doctoral dissertation; J. G.

Mumford, Narrative of See also:

Medicine in America (New York, 1903) ; and See also:Asa See also:Gray, "Selections from the Scientific See also:Correspondence of Cadwallader Colden " in American See also:Journal of Science, vol. 44, 1843. His See also:grandson, CADWALLADER See also:DAVID COLDEN (1769–1834), lawyer and politician, was educated in See also:London, but returned in 1785 to New York, where he attained great distinction at the See also:bar. He was a See also:colonel of See also:volunteers during the war of 1812, and from 1818 to 1821 was the successor of See also:Jacob Radcliff as See also:mayor of New York City. He was a member of the See also:state assembly (1818) and the state See also:senate (1825–1827), and did much to secure the construction of the See also:Erie See also:Canal and the organization of the state public school system; and in 1821–1823 he was a representative in See also:Congress. He wrote a Life of See also:Robert See also:Fulton (1817) and a Memoir of the Celebration of the Completion of the New York Canals (1825).

End of Article: COLE, SIR HENRY (1808–1882)

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