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See also:HEIDELBERG See also:CATECHISM, THE , the most attractive of all the catechisms of the See also:Reformation, was See also:drawn up at the bidding of See also:Frederick III., elector of the See also:Palatinate, and published on Tuesday the loth of See also:January 1563. The new See also:religion in the Palatinate had been largely under the guidance of See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Melanchthon, who had revived the old university of Heidelberg and staffed it with sympathetic teachers. One of these,Tillemann, Heshusius, who became See also:general See also:superintendent in 1558, held extreme Lutheran views on the Real Presence, and in his See also:desire to force the community into his own position excommunicated his colleague Klebitz, who held Zwinglian views. When the See also:breach was widening Frederick, " der fromme Kurfurst," came to the See also:succession, dismissed the two See also:chief combatants and referred the trouble to Melanchthon, whose guarded See also:verdict was distinctly Swiss rather than Lutheran. In a See also:decree of See also:August I 56o the elector declared for See also:Calvin and See also:Zwingli, and soon after he resolved to issue a new and unambiguous catechism of the evangelical faith. He entrusted the task to two See also:young men who have won deserved remembrance by their learning and their See also:character alike. See also:Zacharias See also:Ursinus was See also:born at See also:Breslau in See also:July 1534 and attained high See also:honour in the university of See also:Wittenberg. In 1558 he was made See also:rector of the gymnasium in his native See also:town, but the incessant strife with the extreme See also:Lutherans drove him to See also:Zurich, whence Frederick, on the See also:advice of See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter See also:Martyr, summoned him to be See also:professor of See also:theology at Heidelberg and superintendent of the Sapientiae Collegium. He was a See also:man of modest and See also:gentle spirit, not endowed with See also:great See also:preaching gifts, but unwearied in study and consummately able to impart his learning to others. Deposed from his See also:chair by the elector See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis in 1576, he lived with See also:John Casimir at See also:Neustadt and found a congenial See also:sphere in the new See also:seminary there, dying in his 49th See also:year, in See also:March 1583.
Caspar Olevianus was born at Treves in 1536. He gave up See also:law for theology, studied under Calvin in See also:Geneva, Peter Martyr in Zurich, and See also:Beza in See also:Lausanne. Urged by See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Farel he preached the new faith in his native See also:city, and when banished therefrom found a See also:home with Frederick of Heidelberg, where he gained high renown as preacher and See also:administrator. His ardour and See also:enthusiasm made him • the happy See also:complement of Ursinus. When the reaction came under Louis he was befriended by See also:Ludwig von Sain, See also:prince of See also:Wittgenstein, and John, See also:count of See also:Nassau, in 1vhose city of Herborn he did notable See also:work at the high school until his See also:death on the 15th of March 1587. The elector could have chosen no better men, young as they were, for the task in See also:hand. As a first step each See also:drew up a catechism of his own See also:composition, that of Ursinus being naturally of a more See also:grave and See also:academic turn than the freer See also:production of Olevianus, while each made full use of the earlier catechisms already in use. But when the See also:union was effected it was found that the See also:spirits of the two authors were most happily and harmoniously wedded, the exactness and erudition of the one being blended with the fervency and See also:- GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
- GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )
grace of the other. Thus the Heidelberg Catechism, which was completed within a year of its inception, has an individuality that marks it out from all its predecessors and successors. The Heidelberg See also:synod unanimously approved of it,it was published in January 1563, and in the same year officially turned into Latin by Jos. Lagus and See also:Lambert Pithopoeus.
The ultra-Lutherans attacked the catechism with great bitterness, the See also:assault being led by Heshusius and See also:Flacius Illyricus. See also:Maximilian II. remonstrated against it as an infringement of the See also:peace of See also:Augsburg. A See also:conference was held at Maulbronn in See also:April 1564, and a See also:personal attack was made on the elector at the See also:diet of Augsburg in 1566, but the See also:defence was well sustained, and the Heidelberg See also:book rapidly passed beyond the See also:bounds of the Palatinate (where indeed it suffered See also:eclipse from 1576 to 1583, during the electorate of Louis), and gained an abundant Success not only in See also:Germany (See also:Hesse, See also:Anhalt, See also:Brandenburg and See also:Bremen) but also in the See also:Netherlands (1588), and in the Reformed churches of See also:Hungary, Transylvania and See also:Poland. It was officially recognized by the synod of See also:Dort in 1619, passed into See also:France, See also:Britain and See also:America, and probably shares with the De imitatione Christi and The See also:Pilgrim's Progress the honour of coming next to the See also:Bible in the number of See also:tongues into which it has been translated.
This wide See also:acceptance and high esteem are due largely to an avoidance of polemical and controversial subjects, and even more to an See also:absence of the controversial spirit. There is no See also:mistake about its Protestantism, even when we omit the unhappy addition made to See also:answer 8o by Frederick himself (in indignant reply to the See also:ban pronounced by the See also:Council of See also:Trent), in which the See also:Mass is described as " nothing else than a denial of the one See also:sacrifice and See also:passion of Jesus See also:Christ, and an accursed See also:idolatry "—an addition which is the one blot on the irrleirceta of the catechism. The work is the product of the best qualities of See also:head and See also:heart, and its See also:prose is frequently marked by all the beauty of a lyric. It follows the See also:plan of the See also:epistle to the See also:Romans (excepting chapters ix.-xt.) and falls into three parts: See also:Sin, Redemption and the New See also:Life. This arrangement alone would See also:mark it out from the normal reformation catechism, which runs along the stereotyped lines of See also:Decalogue, Creed, See also:Lord's See also:Prayer See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church and Sacraments. These themes are included, but are shown as organically related. The Commandments, e.g. " belong to the first See also:part so far as they are a See also:mirror of our sin and misery, but also to the third part, as being the See also:rule of our new obedience and See also:Christian life." The Creed—a See also:panorama of the See also:sublime facts of redemption—and the sacraments find their See also:place in the second part; the Lord's Prayer (with the Decalogue) in the third.
See The Heidelberg Catechism, the See also:German See also:Text, with a Revised See also:Translation and Introduction, edited by A. Smellie (See also:London, 1900).
End of Article: HEIDELBERG CATECHISM, THE
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