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IWAKURA, TOMOMI, PRINCE (1835-1883)

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 102 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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See also:

IWAKURA, TOMOMI, See also:PRINCE (1835-1883) , See also:Japanese states-See also:man, was See also:born in See also:Kioto. He was one of the See also:court nobles (kuge) of See also:Japan, and he traced his descent to the See also:emperor Murakami (A.o. 947-967). A man of profound ability and singular force of See also:character, he acted a leading See also:part in the complications preceding the fall of the See also:Tokugawa shogunate, and was obliged to See also:fly from Kioto accompanied by his coadjutor, Prince See also:Sanjo. They took See also:refuge with the Daimyo of Choshu, and, while there, established relations which contributed greatly to the ultimate See also:union of the two See also:great fiefs, Satsuma and Choshu, for the See also:work of the Restoration. From 1867 until the See also:day of his See also:death Iwakura was one of the most prominent figures on the See also:political See also:stage. In 1871 he proceeded to See also:America and See also:Europe at the See also:head of an imposing See also:embassy of some fifty persons, the See also:object being to explain to See also:foreign governments the actual conditions existing in Japan, and to pave the way for negotiating new See also:treaties consistent with her See also:sovereign rights. Little success attended the See also:mission. Returning to Japan in 1873, Iwakura found the See also:cabinet divided as to the manner of dealing with See also:Korea's insulting attitude. He advocated See also:peace, and his See also:influence carried the day, thus removing a difficulty which, though apparently of See also:minor dimensions, might have changed the whole course of Japan's See also:modern See also:history. I XION, in See also:Greek See also:legend, son of Phlegyas, See also:king of the See also:Lapithae in See also:Thessaly (or of See also:Ares), and See also:husband of Dia. According to See also:custom he promised his See also:father-in-See also:law, Deioneus, a handsome bridal See also:present, but treacherously murdered him when he claimed the fulfilment of the promise.

As a See also:

punishment, Ixion was seized with madness, until See also:Zeus purified him of his See also:crime and admitted him as a See also:guest to See also:Olympus. Ixion abused his See also:pardon by trying to seduce See also:Hera; but the goddess substituted for herself a See also:cloud, by which he became the father of the See also:Centaurs. Zeus See also:bound him on a fiery See also:wheel, which rolls unceasingly through the See also:air or (according to the later version) in the underworld (See also:Pindar, Pythia, ii. 2s; See also:Ovid, Metam. iv. 461; See also:Virgil, Aeneid, vi. 6o1). Ixion is generally taken to represent the eternally moving See also:sun. Another explanation connects the See also:story with the practice (among certain peoples of central Europe) of carrying a blazing, revolving wheel through See also:fields which needed the See also:heat of the sun, the legend being invented to explain the custom and subsequently adopted by the Greeks (see Mannhardt, Wald- and Feldkulte, ii. 1905, p. 83). In view of the fact that the See also:oak was the sun-See also:god's See also:tree and that the mistletoe See also:grew upon it, it is suggested by A. B.

See also:

Cook (Class. Rev. xvii. 420) that 'IEimv is derived from iEos (mistletoe), the sun's See also:fire being regarded as an See also:emanation from the mistletoe. Ixion himself is probably a by-See also:form of Zeus (Usener in Rhein. See also:Mus. liii. 345). " The Myth of Ixion " (by C. See also:Smith, in Classical See also:Review, See also:June 1895) deals with the subject of a red-figure cantharus in the See also:British Museum. I XTACCIHUATL, or IZTACCIHUATL (" See also:white woman "), a lofty See also:mountain of volcanic origin, ro m. N. of See also:Popocatepetl and about 40 M. S.S.E of the See also:city of See also:Mexico, forming part of the See also:short See also:spur called the Sierra See also:Nevada. According to Angelo Heilprin (1853-1907) its See also:elevation is 16,96o ft.; other authorities make it much less.

Its apparent height is dwarfed somewhat by its elongated See also:

summit and the large See also:area covered. It has three summits of different heights See also:standing on a See also:north and See also:south See also:line, the central one being the largest and highest and all three rising above the permanent See also:snow-line. As seen from the city of Mexico the three summits have the See also:appearance of a shrouded human figure, hence the poetic Aztec appellation of " white woman " and the unsentimental See also:Spanish designation " La mujer gorda." The ascent is difficult and perilous, and is rarely accomplished. Heilprin says that the mountain is largely composed of trachytic rocks and that it is older than Popocatepetl. It has no See also:crater and no trace of lingering volcanic heat. It is surmised that its crater, if it ever had one, has been filled in and its See also:cone worn away by erosion through See also:long periods of See also:time.

End of Article: IWAKURA, TOMOMI, PRINCE (1835-1883)

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